1825.] 
and lying at the entrance of the second 
court of the Memnonium. The size 
precisely agrees—it was forty-two cubits, 
or sixty-three feet high; and the foot, 
described as seven cubits in length, lies 
at this.day, and was seen by Belzoni, 
Captain Light, Legh, and other travel- 
lers, in the same spot. It can scarcely 
be doubted, therefore, that the sepul- 
chral palace of Osymanprs was the 
Memnontvum, and that the vocal statue 
of Memnon has been egregiously mis- 
taken. The adjacent and ruined statues 
described by travellers, probably be- 
longed to the mother and daughter of 
Memnon. After this court, there fol- 
lowed another colonnaded quadrangle, 
“of more note than the first.” In this 
was pourtrayed the king’s wars against 
the Bactrians. “Upon the first wall, 
the king was represented storming the 
wall of a city, surrounded by a river, 
and fighting, in the front of the battle, 
against his enemies, with a lion by his 
side, and making terrible slaughter.” 
This painting Denon has copied from 
the Memnonium, with the exception of 
the lion, which, however, appears sub- 
sequently in the triumphal procession. 
On the second wall, “the King was 
represented leading his captives.” This 
painting, also, Denon has copied from 
the Memnonium. “ The captives were 
engraved without privates and hands, 
to denote their unmanly cowardice.” 
This, also, is given by Denon, with the 
exception of the former particular—the 
king being represented seated in his car, 
a pile of hands before him, and captives, 
in different dresses from the Egyptians, 
with plaited locks, beards, and coats 
open in front, waiting the operation of 
the executioner. “The third wall re- 
presented the king offering sacrifices, 
and solemnizing his triumph.” This, 
also, is copied by Denon. The proof, 
therefore, may be considered as most 
curiously established, that the Mrmno- 
NIUM was the sEPULCHRAL PALACE of 
Osymandes. “ On the fourth wall,” 
says the historian, “ two sraturs were 
placed, sitting, each twenty-seven cubits 
in length.’ These are clearly the same 
as those described by Norden, in the 
second (third) court—that which follows 
the caryatide court:—‘“ Two sitting 
colossal statues of black granite—the 
head of one of them three feet five inches 
long.” —“ Near to these,” says Diodorus, 
“ three passages led out of the colonnade 
into a hall supported by pillars, like a 
musical theatre.” This agrees with the 
covered hall, supported by columns, 
Egyptian Researches :—The Memnontum. 
495 
which still remains, and which was faced 
on both sides by a colonnaded court, 
the pillars of which are lower, and dif- 
ferent from those which support the 
hall. This appears to have been the 
“ judgment-hall,” or court of the thirty 
Nomarchs, or judges, where they held 
their sessions: and Norden, speaking of 
its decorations, says— They surpass, 
in strength and beauty, every thing he 
had seen of the kind in Alfresco and 
Mosaic work; and that the gold, ultra- 
marine, and other colours employed, 
had preserved their lustre unimpaired.’ 
But, was there such a person as 
Memnon? The history of him is, that 
he was son of Tithonus and Aurora. 
Tithonus is said to have been a Median 
or Bactrian king—to have built the city 
of Susa; and, it is also said, that the 
goddess who was in love with him car- 
ried him to Ethiopia, where she gave 
birth to Memnon. From this we may 
gather, that Mremnon was an Ethio- 
pian, but that his family came from 
the East (Aurora); and it is not im- 
probable that TrrHonus is the King 
Tuonr who is recorded as ruling at 
Thebes by Homer. Memnon, the son, 
is stated to have been at the siege of 
Troy, and to have built a Memnonium 
at Susa, and another at Abydos. The 
exploits pourtrayed as being enacted by 
OsymanpEs do not agree with this 
meagre account. Mrmnon would not 
have triumphed on account of the fall 
of his ally Priam and Troy. It is pro- 
bable, therefore, as the Egyptians, who 
were most likely to know, asserted, that 
MrmMnon was PHAMENOPH, or AME- 
NOPHIS, in whose honour one of the 
months was called; and that he is the 
third of that name, to whose reign no 
period of years is assigned, and in the 
reign of whose successor, Rhameses 
Sethon, Troy was taken. He may, 
therefore, have built the Mrmnonium 
(and some accounts describe him as an 
architect, and not a king) in honour 
of Sesostris, and finished at Troy. It 
is also probable, as Pliny says, that the 
edifice called a Mrmnonium, from the 
builder, was a Serapium, in which 
SesostTRIs was DEIFIED, as the Sun, or 
Sreraris, under the name of IsMENDES 
(the producer of sound). The exploits 
pourtrayed agree with the history of no 
Egyptian King, but Sesostris. Hero- 
dotus says, that no king, from Mernes 
to Srsosrnis, did any thing remarkable, 
nor made foreign expeditions. But 
Sesostris conquered Lybia, Ethiopia, 
Media, Persia, Bactria, Scythia, Lesser 
Asia, 
