fate. 
Moral and Political State of Greece. 
perpetual sacrifices. | Nevertheless, if 
such were the foundations of her hopes, 
experience soon proved the fallacy of 
inany of these calculations. ; 
The Pachas might complain of the 
Sultan, or his Ministers; they might 
raise the standard of revolt ; but it was 
the. standard: of | the Prophet — still 
hostile to ‘the: infidels who would re- 
nounce ,the. sacred, jurisdiction of the 
Caliph. 
The, people of Servia, and the Lower 
Danube, forming a population of nearly 
two millions, remained inactive. The 
incapacity of those who directed the 
affairs of Walachia, accelerated the 
maneeuvres of foreign agents, to main- 
tain the former state of things. 
The. European monarchs, and their 
ministers, dreading the danger of poli- 
tical innovations, solemnly reprobated 
the Grecian cause. To them if was 
only an emanation of that innovating 
spirit they were dreading so, much at 
home; and this unfortunate misunder- 
standing, the result of a false and nar- 
row system of politics, disposed them 
to abandon an illustrious nation to its 
We. wish we could even say that 
they had merely remained neutral; and 
were chargeable with no hostility to 
Christianity and civilization ! 
- Such were the circumstances under 
which the insurrection burst forth, in 
the Morea, in the spring of 1821. 
smother it at once would have been 
the work of a superior intellect and an 
energetic spirit. But the furious mind 
of the Sultan could imagine nothing 
but a massacre, similar to, that of which 
the Roman historians accuse Mithri- 
dates; and of placing the sword of ven- 
eance in the hands of a raging popu- 
lace, ever ready, and rancorous against 
all. Greece. The eastern 
razed; its temples are overthrown, or 
profaned ;-families bewail the loss of 
their supporters; wandering and. dis- 
persed, they grogn-in exile and misery. 
Constantinople, Smyrna, Cydonia, Sa- 
lonica and Cyprus, show to European 
nations the horrid spectacle of the 
sufferings of thousands of disarmed 
Greeks. 
Thence all compact is broken, and 
destruction spreads—Candia, most of 
the islands, Livadia, and part of Epirus, 
chaunt the hymn of liberty. Despair 
creates resources—every thing is turned 
to arms; clubs are used for besieging, 
and necesvity restores the times of he- 
roism. Individual , contributions. fur- 
nish resources for the general warfare. 
To. 
church. is . 
603 
Every one offers his assistance; the 
naval merchant of the islands con- 
fronts, with hostile fury, the proud 
fleets of tyranny. , Every man of conse- 
quence is a commander—eyery Grecian 
is a soldier. 
Astonished to find themselves armed 
and able to act, skirmishes and party 
wars begin their military education; 
and, though frequently alarméd by the 
phantom of tyranny, (the scourge and 
the chains of which are ever before 
them), they are upon the point of laying 
down their arms; unexpected success 
reanimates their courage; and_ their 
capabilities grow in this salutary strug- 
gle. Soon the insurgents take posses- 
sion of Malvasia and Navarin—they 
seize upon Tripolizza. . Let us efface, 
if possible, the remembrance of their 
terrific vengeance. What nation is free 
from similar reproach? What human 
authority could repress the ferocious 
ardour of a people long-provoked by un- 
remitting cruelty? The Greeks, aspir~ 
ing to the rank of a civilized nation, are 
now careful not to sully their cause by 
such deplorable disorders. 
Corinth capitulated towards the end 
of the year. The representatives of 
the nation assembled under ‘the super- 
intendence of Alexander Mavrocordato, 
and proclaimed the independence. of 
Greece upon the ruins of ancient Epi- 
daurus. They digested a provisional 
constitution, and formed a central. go- 
vernment, which they swore to defend. 
A senate, composed of deputies of pro- 
yvinces, was to govern, in concert with 
an executive council of five members. 
A supreme tribunal was to regulate the 
proceedings of the secondary courts. 
The government was to be national— 
its object the welfare of the largest por- 
tion of the community; but in peace 
alone could it receive the modifications 
of experience. The month passed, and 
Greece, scarcely informed that a hostile 
force was ravaging the Isle of Chios 
(Scio), learned the catastrophe of that fer- 
tile island, which the aid of the national 
government arrived too late to save. 
All seemed lost.—Foreign agents con- 
tributed to the sacrifice of the whole 
population, by offering a fallacious cle- 
mency. But Canaris hastened from 
Psera, with a torch in his hand; and, 
falling upon the barbarians at Chios, 
the Captain Pacha found a.tomb im his 
burning yessel.. The hero of Psera 
afterwards, attacked the, enemy’s fleet 
in, the port of Tenedos, and chased 
them to the Dardanelles, 
4H 2 Nevertheless, 
