Moral and Political State of Greece. 
north, the Captain Pacha, having run; 
aground: in a»descent upon  ‘Thessa- 
lian Skiathos, succeeded in revictualling 
the Negropont- . Retired to, Mitylene, 
his fleet immediately poured down 
upon Psera, and this devoted little island 
became the:tomb of conquerors and con- 
queredio)) 0) so 
This, terrible blow. opened all eyes ; 
. far from depressing the Greeks, it pow- 
erfully excited their courage. The feel- 
ings of the rulers and people were 
elevated to the height of events, and 
measured the’ depth and length of the 
danger with the coolness of generous 
resolution. Existence was at stake :— 
to the Naval operations, the destiny of 
this campaign, and indeed of the whole 
war, seemed to be especially confided. 
But the Grecian navy, really very weak, 
but. transcendent in skill and courage, 
was immediately placed on a _ respec- 
table footing—though the vessels which 
composed this navy belonged to private 
individuals, who had built them for com- 
mercial ‘navigation ; and these same in- 
dividuals, who still commanded them, 
had equipped and manned them, at their 
own expense, before the establishment 
of the Government. 
. Hydra and Spezzia were in tumult. 
The land forces were called to the pro- 
tection of the marine. They separated 
themselves from their families, and 
marched with eagerness. Psera was 
retaken, and its navy saved. They 
left the rock, and beat the enemy before 
Samos, Cos and Chios; always with 
inferior forces. It was no longer in 
port, and by night, that they set fire to 
the enemy’s fleet ; but in open sea, and 
in open day. The victory im the straits 
of Candia made them hope that the 
Greeks of this important island, who 
still defended the ports of St..Roumali, 
Trypiti, Mirabello and Sassidi, would 
hasten to resume offensive operations, 
and to deliver their countrymen from 
the yoke of the Egyptian satrap. 
If we extend our view to the con- 
tinent of Greece, we shall every where 
see the same perseverance and the same 
success: In the east, the invincible 
Goura repelled the barbarians from the 
field of Marathon. Dervich Pacha, 
General-in-Chief, entirely. beaten at 
Gravia, and Amplani in Phocis, took 
flight and left all his baggage behind. 
In Western Greece, Mavrocordato, the 
Director-General, taking in good time 
the most efficacious measures, discon- 
certed the plans of Omer Pacha, who 
flattered himself with invading Acar- 
605. 
nania‘ and Etolia for the third time; 
instead of which, the Greeks penetrated 
to the walls of Aita. ; 
Such are the military results of this 
year, in the midst of difficulties of every 
kind.- These difficulties were augmented 
by the agents of the most powerful of 
the Christian Governments [with ex- 
ception, we trust, to that of England] 
employed in the Archipelago. Proofs 
of this are not wanting: but they would 
draw us into discussions foreign from 
our task, 
We proceed to examine the internak 
situation of the country. 
Greece, in a state of dependence, 
yielded many thousands to the treasury 
of the Sultan, and to the Seignors and 
private Ottomans. The taxes paid by 
the Peloponessus alone, amounted to 
more than 35,000 Turkish piastres, It 
was generally supposed that this would 
suffice in peace, as in war; but, restored 
to liberty, Greece found herself without 
resources. This poverty, however, was 
only in appearance, and transient: it 
was owing to the want ofa powerful and 
regular administration, to prevent offi- 
cial pillage. Besides which, the inva- 
sions and ravages in the Morea, and 
the trans-isthmical provinces, in 1822 
and 1823, had paralyzed agriculture, 
and suspended private business. 
wise and active authority has already, 
in part, put an end to the cause of these 
miseries ; and knows how to maintain 
and bring the work to perfection, if this 
authority be but continued for a 
second year. Already taxes, levied 
in just proportions, begin to fill the 
national chest ; the demesne of the state 
is rented publicly, by common consent. 
This immense. demesne, obtained by the 
rapacity of the conquerors, seems to 
have been placed in their hands in order 
to recompense the courage of this libe- 
rated people; and the resumption is 
but an act of justice. The urgency of 
affairs compelled the sale of a part of 
this demesne, in the first months of the 
year; but this sale,.so favourable for 
augmenting the number of proprietors, 
and the public prosperity, is at present 
suspended, for calmer times. Strict 
economy isintroduced into the expenses ; 
and loans, contracted under advantage- 
ous circumstances, have laid the founda- 
tion of national credit. The confidence 
which resulted encourages manufacto- 
ries, commerce and circulation ;—and 
there must be a prodigious quantity of 
specie in Greece; for, during the last 
four years, the baffled Turks have i 
wit 
