Southern and Meridional America. 
her first general stand against her -op- 
pressors. 
“ The Klephtai (or Plunderers) are either 
Greeks, who originally never submitted to 
the Turkish yoke, but sacrificing the pos- 
session of more fertile lands to the love of 
liberty, established their home and country 
in the wild and extensive mountain tracts 
of Epirus and Acarnania, and from thence 
kept up a desultory, but still renewed, war- 
fare against the usurpers of their posses- 
sions ; or they are Armatoloi, subsequently 
pillaged and outraged into rebellion. These 
composed a Greek militia, allowed by the 
Turks, on their first conquest of Thessaly 
and Acarnania, to arm and associate for the 
¢ommon security, but whom oppression 
frequently drove to the mountains, where 
they joined the original Dissidents, and 
where they either led a life of hardship and 
independence, or made terms and.returned 
to the plains; when they were called 
Kasgra: nuepo, or “reclaimed Kleph- 
tai,” as the unsubmitting Klephtai were 
termed aypioi, “wild,” an appellation 
which well accorded with the Turkish 
method of hunting them down in their 
retreats like beasts of prey.” 
J —=__— 
SOUTHERN AND MERIDIONAL AMERICA. 
T was our wish and intention to 
have included in this Supplement a 
sketch, at least, of the new Republics 
and revolutionized States of America. 
Circumstances, we could not control, 
have prevented the fulfilment of this 
desire. A few extracts from a recent 
- publication relative to that interesting 
portion of the New World (destined, 
perhaps, to regenerate the Old) may not 
be unacceptable to our readers. 
Tse First Revorvrion at Quito, 
“under the Conduct of Monatrs and 
_ Qutnoca. From Srevenson’s “His- 
torical and Descriptive Narrative of 
Twenty Years’ Residence in South 
America,” Vol. iii. p. 10 to 25. 
-“ On the morning of the 10th of August, 
1809, at an early hour, two natives of Quito, 
Ante and Aguire, waited on the president 
with a letter. The orderly who was at the 
door of the antechamber objected to carry 
any letter or message to his Excellency at 
so unusual an hour; but Ante persisted in 
the necessity of its immediate delivery, say- 
ing, that it contained matters of importance 
from the Junta’ Soberana, sovereign junta, 
a name as new in the ears of the orderly 
as was the body itself new in America. 
The orderly awoke the president, deliver- 
ing the letter, and repeated the words which 
he had heard, as an excuse for his untimely 
errand. The president having read the 
superscription—* I’rom the sovereign junta 
611 
to the Count Ruis, ex-president of Quito,’ 
dressed himself, and read the following :— 
‘“** The present unsettled state of Spain, 
the total annihilation of the lawfully con- 
stituted authorities, and the dangers of the 
crown of the beloved Ferdinand VII. and 
his domains falling into the hands of the 
tyrant of Europe, have impelled our trans- 
atlantic brothers to form provincial goyern- 
ments for their personal security, as well 
against the machinations of some of their 
traitorous countrymen, unworthy of the 
name of Spaniards, as against the arms of 
the common enemy: the loyal inhabitants 
of Quito, resolved to secure to their legiti- 
mate King and Master this part of his 
kingdom, have established a sovereign junta 
in this city of San Francisco de Quito, of 
which, and by the command of his Serene 
Highness the President and the yocalmem- 
bers, I have the honour to inform your lord- 
ship, and to announce to you, that the 
functions of the members of the old govern- 
ment have ceased: God preserve your lord- 
ship many years. Hall of the junta in 
Quito, August 10th, 1809: Manuel Mo- 
rales, secretary of the interior.’ ”’ 
“ After reading this unexpected epistle, 
his Excellency entered the antechamber, 
and walked towards the messengers, who 
inquired whether he had received the note, 
and on being answered inthe affirmative, 
they bowed, turned round, and retired. 
The count followed them to the outer door 
and attempted to pass it, but he was pre- 
vented by the sentry. He now sent his 
orderly to call the officer of the guard: who 
politely answered, that he could not, con- 
sistently with the orders he had received, 
Speak with the Count, pronouncing the 
last word with considerable emphasis. ’’— 
“The whole of the revolutionary change 
was effected in the night of the ninth.” 
It was, however, too loosely con- 
structed to endure, 
“ After the thirteenth of August, anar- 
chy began to preside at all the meetings of 
the junta. Morales insisted on a reform in 
the regulations of the tribunals; Quiroga, 
that preparations offensive and defensive 
against the neighbouring provinces which 
did not follow the example of Quito should 
be made; Selva Alegre and the members 
wished that every thing might remain as it 
was. However, the army was increased, 
and detachments sent to Guallabamba 
against the Pastusos, and to Huaranda, to 
prevent an invasion by the Guayaquilenos. 
The people began to shew marks of discon- 
tent, particularly dreading a scarcity of salt, 
which article was procured from Guayaquil. 
The governor of Guayaquil first threatened 
to invade the provinces, next the Vigeroy 
of Santa Fé, and lastly the Viceroy of Peru. 
Advices arrived that troops from these dif- 
ferent quarters were absolutely on. their 
march, and, to complete the consternation 
of the people, the Count Ruis retired from 
412 his 
