616 
save—not as ravenous tigers, but as human 
beings, who, horror-struck at the account 
of our past misfortunes, were taught to es- 
timate them by their own—who will not 
convert their reason into a spirit of blind 
persecution, nor wish to stain our annals 
with blood and misery. Then shall naviga- 
tion, geography, astronomy, industry, and 
trade, perfected by the discovery of Ame- 
rica, though until now the source of her 
debasement, be converted into the means 
of accelerating, consolidating, and making 
more perfect, the happiness of the two 
worlds. 
“ This is not a flattering dream, but the 
homage of reason to prudence, whose in- 
effable wisdom designed that one part of 
the human race should groan under the 
tyranny of another.”—“In Europe, the 
shock and the fermentation of opinions, 
the contempt and the inversion of the laws ; 
the profanation of those bonds which ought 
to have held states together ; the oppression 
of virtue, and the triumph of vice—acce- 
lerated the progress of évilin one world; 
while the increase of population in America, 
of the wants of foreign countries dependent 
on her, the development of agriculture in a 
new and fertile soil, the germ of industry 
under a beneficent climate, the elements of 
science under a privileged organization, the 
means of a rich and prosperous trade, and 
the strength of a political adolescence, all, 
all contributed to accelerate the progress of 
good in the other.” 
“There exists in Cuenca an order of 
the Spanish government to excite discord 
among the nobles and among the different 
branches of American families. There are 
besides many written and well-known docu- 
ments of corruption, gambling, and liberti- 
nism promoted by Guevera, for the purpose 
of demoralizing the country; and no one 
can ever forget the collusions and suborn- 
ings publicly used by the judges, and proved 
in the act of their residencia.””—“ In order 
to allow us no time to analyze our own fate, 
or discover the snares laid for us, conspira- 
cies were invented, parties and factions 
were forged in the imagination of our op- 
pressors, every one was calumniated who 
did not consent to be initiated in the mys- 
teries of perfidy.”—‘* Our correspondence 
with the neighbouring colonies was circum- 
scribed and restricted ; our trade received 
new fetters, and the whole was for the pur- 
pose of keeping us in a state of continual 
agitation, that we might not fix our atten- 
tion on our own situation and interests.”’— 
“Shut up within the walls of our own 
houses, and debarred from all communica- 
tion with our fellow-citizens, there was 
scarcely an individual in Caraccas who did 
not think that the moment of being for 
ever free, or of sanctioning irrevocably a 
new and horrid slavery, had arrived.” 
“From the year 1811, Quito continued 
to be governed by the Spanish authorities, 
Southern and Meridional America. 
till May 1822, when General Sucre entered 
by force of arms, and at that time it became 
a part of the republic of Colombia.” 
We will add another extract, which 
may at once illustrate the kind of means 
and instruments by which Spanish ascen- 
dancy was customarily maintained ; and 
the facility with which a hostile army. 
may be destroyed in a mountainous 
country. A treaty between Colonel 
Gainsa and the revolted Chileans had 
been agreed upon, and sent to Lima for 
the ratification of the Viceroy; who, 
expecting troops from Spain, deferred 
its signature, Jn April 1813, the regi- 
ment of Talavera arrived, and the rati- 
fication was refused, Vol. iii. 
“The arrival of Spanish troops made. 
the resident Spaniards more imperious and 
insolent than ever; but they had’ soon 
cause to regret having solicited the assist- 
ance of an armed force from Spain, for all 
the expenses incurred in the equipmént of 
the expedition at Cadiz were ordered to be 
defrayed by the merchants of Lima. The 
officers and soldiers were also of the worst 
character, the former having been expelled. 
from different corps in the mother country 
for crimes which they had there committed, 
and the latter were taken from the common 
gaols, places of exile, and the galleys. ‘Fhe 
insolence of these protectors was not 
limited to any class of people in Lima - 
they had been informed in Spain, that 
the booty or plunder of the insurgents in 
America would make them as rich in the 
nineteenth century as that of the Indians 
had rendered their forefathers in the six- 
teenth ; thus robberies and even murders 
were committed under the sanction of rich 
promises; and it was dreaded by the 
government, that the very force sent to 
protect them would cause a revolution, or 
perhaps head one in Lima ; however, an 
opportunity presented itself to dispose of 
two hundred of the nine that had arrived. 
The Cacique Pucatoro revolted at Hua- 
manga, deposed the Spanish authorities, 
and declared himself in favour of the 
Buenos Ayres army: this blow so near to 
Lima called for an immediate remedy. 
Two hundred soldiers of Talavera were 
sent to quell the rebel Indian, who led 
them into a narrow ravine, and ascended 
the mountains on each side, where large 
piles of stones had been so artfully placed, 
that by removing one, placed as a key- 
stone, the whole mass rolled down the 
sides of the mountains, and not one of the 
Spaniards escaped. The victorious Indians 
then continued throwing and roHing down 
pieces of rock till they, had completely 
buried their enemies. ‘This patriotic. Ca- 
cique was afterwards taken prisoner by a 
party of troops sent from Cusco, and was 
hanged and quartered at Huamangs:.”” ote 
e 
7 
