South America—Cefalonia. 
We had marked several other passa- 
ges of considerable interest; but must 
conclude with the following, relative to 
the effects of the ultimate revolution in 
Valparaiso. 
“ From the time of the discovery to the 
year 1810 this port was only visited by 
vessels from Lima, bringing sugar, salt, 
tobacco, a small quantity of European 
manufactured goods, and some other arti- 
cles of minor importance ; shipping in re- 
turn wheat, charqui, dried fruits, and other 
produce of Chile and Peru. The popwa- 
tion amounted to about five thousand souls ; 
the commerce was in the hands of four or 
five merchants, Spaniards, and the annual 
duties at the custom-house amounted to 
about twenty-five thousand dollars.’’— 
“Since the revolution it has been con- 
stantly increasing in‘size, population and 
riches. In 1822 it contained about fifteen 
thousand souls, three thousand of whom 
were foreigners. From 1817 to 1822 up- 
wards of two hundred houses were built; 
at the latter date there were thirty-one 
established wholesale merchants, besides 
an incalculable increase of retail dealers: 
there were also twenty-six inns, coffee- 
houses; &c. Besides the vessels of war 
belonging to the state, forty-one traders 
bear the national flag; and the bay, formerly 
empty more than half the year, contains on 
an ayerage fifty foreign vessels, either of 
war or commerce, during the whole year. 
The hospital of San Juan de Dios has been 
transferred from the centre of the town to 
the suburbs, and a Lancasterian school is 
established in the old building. A general 
cemetery forCatholics is building by subserip- 
tion, and upwards of two thousand dollars. 
have been collected for another, for the dis- 
senters. As a proof of the increase of trade 
and speculation, a daily post is established 
between the port and the capital.” 
“The receipts at the custom-house in 
1809, Chile being then a Spanish colony,’ 
were 26,738} dollars. Ditto in 1821, being 
a free port, 464,3872 dollars. Number of 
vessels that entered and left Valparaiso in 
1809, all Spanish, 13. Ditto that entered 
and cleared out in 1821, 142. That is:— 
vessels of war 21, of commerce 12].”— 
“ The peasant who at the time of my resi- 
dence in Chile, 1808, if possessed of a dol- 
lar, would bore a hole through it, and hang 
it to his rosary—the same peasant can now 
jingle his doubloons in his pocket. Those 
who in 1803 wore only the coarsest cloth- 
ing, of their own inanufacture, are now 
dressed in European Jinens, cottons and 
woollens; those who were ashamed to pre- 
sent themselves to a stranger or who dared 
not even speak to a master, now present 
themselves with confidence, as if conscious 
of the importance of their civil liberty ; 
they boast too of Christian enc taiee 
generosity and valour.’ —- - 
.Monruty Mac. No. 413. — Supp. 
614 
COLONEL NAPIER’S CEFALONIA. 
HOUGH we have already made 
some mention, by anticipation, of 
the forthcoming publication of Colonel 
Napier on the Roads of Cefalonia (see 
preceding number for July, p. 543); 
yet, as it is now on the eve of publica- 
tion, waiting only, we understand, for 
the completion of one of the plates, we 
shall not scruple to play the pirate so: 
far as to extract, both here and “in 
another part of this Supplement, an 
interesting passage or two, for the grati- 
fication of our readers. 
“ The Goats of Cefalonia.—With regard 
to trees and hedges, this climate is so dry, 
that they do no injury to a road; and ought 
to be planted every where: but, in Cefalo- 
nia, it is quite impossible to preserve trees, 
as the goats destroy them all, and are: 
rapidly annihilating the public forests on the 
blaelk mountains ; which forests would be a 
source of great wéalth to the island, if pro- 
tected: but thousands of goats prevent the 
growth of every thing like a plantation, and, - 
what is worse, are the cause of more litiga- 
tion, ill blood, crime,.and idleness, than any - 
other source of mischief in the island ; 
neither vineyards, fields, nor gardens, can 
escape the devastations of these animals, as 
it is impossible to make any sufficient fence 
to exclude them. The reasons the,peasant 
likes goats are, first, they cost him nothing 
to feed, as in the day time he drives them 
to the mountains, and at night into his 
neighbour’s cultivated grounds, who cannot 
catch them ; nor is it easy to proye whose 
goat does the damage; for in a country 
where the peasants all live in yillages, and 
the landlords in the capital, no look-out is 
kept at night : even were they to live among 
their fields, it would be still very hard to 
prove whose goat did the mischief, for the 
goat-herd is not so silly as to be seen; he 
trusts to his goats for getting both into, "and 
out of the scrape, which they do with equal 
ease. Secondly, the peasant. likes goats, 
because the milk, cheese, and flesh, main- 
tain him, with scarcely any labour; he - 
therefore spends his time in festivals and 
gambling. From the want of population 
the price of labour is high; and he can 
always earn, in three days, as much as will 
keep him for a week, with the aid of his 
goats. Thirdly, the peasant prefers the 
goat to sheep, not only because it is more 
active in trespassing, but also because it is 
more hardy ; it lives upon less and coarser _ 
food, and gets it among the rocks, where 
sheep cannot climb. Goats mount up_ 
trees to the top, and eat the leaves; in 
short, a goat is the most accomplished thief ’ 
in existence ; and although it is digressing 
from the subject, T will say, that no mea- 
sure of government would-do so much good - 
4K * to 
