PROCEEDINGS OF THE OHIO ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 355 



dividual pests, the control of injurious insects through ottensive 

 and defensive alliances with their natural enemies, the distribu- 

 tion of such allies from land to land, and the establishment of 

 the Smyrna fig industry in California through the introduction 

 of the Blastophaga required for the transfer of pollen. The ex- 

 tent of the advance is suggested by the following quotation from 

 Parrott's presidential address before the Association of Economic 

 Entomologists in 1914: "In 1899 twenty-five men were listed 

 as entomologists on the staffs of the experiment stations, while 

 in 191 2 one hundred and one individuals were recorded as serv- 

 ing in this capcity. * * * Accurate figures exist showing the 

 remarkable development of the national Bureau of Entomology 

 but for the sake of brevity only a few of them have been selected. 

 During the last year of Riley's service, which was concluded in 

 1894, eleven men served on the permanent staff, while five men 

 were employed for part time. The funds for the support of the 

 work amounted to $29,800. The force in 191 2 comprised two 

 hundred fifteen technically trained entomologists besides many 

 other individuals who served as helpers. The budget for 1913- 

 1914 provides for an expenditure of $752,210.00". Note that in 

 each case the years mentioned fall well within the lifetime of 

 the Academy and that the differential statistics must thus be in- 

 creased in each case to correspond to the quarter century. And 

 these statistics of men and money may well be assumed to cor- 

 respond approximately with the unattainable statistics of actual 

 scientific accomplishment. 



But the claim may be advanced by some that this "applied 

 science" does not merit the same consideration as the more ab- 

 stract forms of "pure science," — that much of it is mere tech- 

 nology rather than real science. To all such the following pas- 

 sage from a recent personal letter, written by a former student 

 now employed in government entomological work, is commended: 

 "While great advances have been made during the past quarter 

 century in all lines of zoological work, the advance has been 

 greater and of more fundamental importance along economic 

 lines than in any other direction. Certain branches of zoology 

 have really begun to affect the man in the street and it is a hope- 



