42 Mr. James Edwards' Synopsis of 



more or less distinct sutures into the following, viz., the 

 frons, a large area occupying the greater portion of its 

 disc ; the clypeus, a rectangular area joined to the apex 

 of the former ; the Iovcb, a pair of small areas occupying 

 the angles formed by the sides of the frons at their 

 junction with the clypeus ; and the cheeks, which 

 constitute the remainder of the face. Those portions of 

 the cheeks which lie between the inner margins of the 

 eyes and the frons are sometimes referred to as the 

 temples. 



Each elytron is divided into corium, clavus, and 

 memhranc, the latter consisting of the apical areas, and 

 frequently having a free membranous margin or appendix ; 

 the clavus is the triangular inner portion marked off 

 from the remainder, which constitutes the corium, by a 

 more or less impressed straight line running obliquely 

 from the basal margin to a point on the suture, where 

 the membrane commences. In some groups there exists 

 a pair of small scales (the tegulce) at the base of the 

 elytra. The longitudinal nerves of the corium are the 

 brachial, the sim})le nerve standing immediately above 

 the claval suture, and the cubital, the forked nerve 

 coming between the brachial nerve and the costa ; the 

 branches of the cubital nerve, which are generally forked 

 at the apex, may be designated as inner and outer 

 respectively, according to their position. The nerves 

 forming the inner boundary of the apical areas are best 

 considered as angular nerves, leaving the term traiisverse 

 to be applied to such other nerves as may occur in a 

 position warranting its application. The longitudinal 

 nerves of the clavus are the anal, immediately below the 

 claval suture and the axillary, standing nearest the 

 scutellum. 



The terminal segment of the abdomen, which is 

 modified in order to accommodate the genital apparatus, 

 may be conveniently termed the pygofer ; sometimes, as 

 in Liburnia male, it consists of a complete chitinous 

 cylinder, its hind margin exhibiting in different species 

 great diversity of outline ; at others it appears as a 

 chitinous plate, folded in a somewhat conical form, so 

 as to leave a slit on its lower side and a small aperture 

 at its apex : in some cases, e. g., Deltocephalus male, the 

 armature of the lower edges of this plate affords striking 

 characters. In the female this segment is always folded 



