British Homoptera-Cicadina. 43 



more or less conically, and the slit on its lower side is 

 occupied by the saw-case, the base of which is frequently 

 flanked on either side by a small oblong plate {literal 

 lobe) ; in this sex, too, the outliiie of the hind margin of 

 the last ventral segment frequently presents good dis- 

 tinctive characters. In any reference to the upper or 

 hind margin of the pygofer a side view is to be under- 

 stood. Normally the genital appendages of the male 

 are as follows, viz., a pair of plates of a more or less 

 triangular form placed side by side, their inner margins 

 contiguous, and their bases covered by a single valve, 

 which is usually triangular ; just above the plates, and 

 usually concealed by them, is a pair of smaller appen- 

 dages (styles), and between these latter is situate the 

 penis. In many groups {Athijsanus, Deltocephalus, &c.), 

 all these appendages are present, but in others (Idiocerus, 

 &c.) the valve is wanting, while in those in which the 

 pygofer forms a complete cylinder {Lihurnia, &c.), the 

 styles and penis are all that are visible. The anal tube, 

 which bears the anal style, is a supplementary piece of 

 apparatus situate on the upper side of the extreme apex 

 of the abdomen, where there is generally a notch in the 

 pygofer for its reception ; its lower margin often 

 {Liburnia male, &c.) bears a pair of teeth or other 

 processes. The remaining terms employed do not 

 require special notice. 



The specific names made use of in the following 

 pages are, in the main, those of the second edition of 

 Dr. Puton's 'Catalogue'; a circumstance which results 

 less from a conviction on the part of the writer that the 

 names in that publication are always equitably employed 

 than from a great disinclination to disturb the received 

 order of things. 



A few remarks on the preservation of these insects 

 may not be out of place. For a working collection they 

 should all be pinned close to the scutellar angle of the 

 right elytron, the larger species with black Vienna pins, 

 the smaller ones, such as Deltocephalns, Typhlocyba, &c., 

 with the varnished steel pins specially prepared for 

 micro-insects, the fine pin being ultimately stuck into a 

 small block of pith or cork impaled on a strong pin. 

 Neatly-carded specimens are pretty to look at, but when 

 it becomes necessary to examine their under side they 

 prove a nuisance. It is desirable to keep the boxes in 



