( iv ) 



wings, reviews in detail the Carboniferous insects, which he 

 refers to four orders, viz., the Orthoptera, the Neurorthoptera, 

 the Pseudo-Neuroptera, and the Hemiptera. 



(1) Orthojitera. 



In this order Brongniart places the Thysanura ; they are gene- 

 rally considered as primordial types of insects. No author has 

 previously described them as occurring in the Carboniferous 

 period. Brongniart has, however, identified forty-five specimens 

 from the Commentry coal-fields. 



The author states that upon one of the specimens some abdo- 

 minal plates are seen, as have been observed on Machilis; and he 

 adds that the specimen resembles Lepisma and MacJiilis, but 

 differs from them in several characters, the principal difference 

 consisting in the presence of a single abdominal filament in the 

 fossil species. He designates this as the ancestor of the living 

 Thysanura, and names it Dasyleptus Liicasl, after Mons. H. Lucas, 

 of the Museum of Paris. 



Among the Orthoptera a great number of BlatttB or of Palcco- 

 blattaritc (Scudder) have been described. 



Another family of Orthoptera, which is toleralily well repre- 

 sented, he calls Palaiacridiodea. The first group contains several 

 genera; the Oedischia, of which the third pair of legs resembles 

 those of living locusts. The Sthenaropoda, near allies of the 

 Oedischia, but with thicker legs. 



The genus Protogryllacris, represented by an insect called 

 Corydalis, then Gryllacris, and afterwards Lithosialis Brongniarti 

 by Scudder. 



A fourth genus, Paolia (Scudder), including many species, 

 should be placed in this first group. 



The second group contains three genera : — 



Sthenarocera, insects with strong and long antennae, short and 

 thick body, long legs, and long narrow wings, recalling those of 

 Pacliytylus. These insects do not measure less than 11 centi- 

 metres from the anterior part of the head to the extremity of the 

 wings, when the latter are folded over the back. 



Caloneura, which is allied to the foregoing ; but the legs and 

 the antenna3 are more slender, the wings are shorter, and not so 

 narrow. 



MacrophUhium lloUcheni (Goldcnberg) is placed in this family. 



