32 Mr. James Edwards’ Synopsis of 
black. Crown pointed, twice as long in the middle as at the sides, 
about as long as half its basal width. Pronotum as long as the 
crown or a little longer, its hinder half transversely striate. 
Length, 4—5 mm. 
Amongst grass; widely distributed, but not common. 
XIV. JASSIDA. 
Oblong or elongate species of small or medium size. Ocelli on 
the forehead, which is more or less obtuse and never keeled 
Upper branch of the cubital nerve sometimes obsolete or wanting, 
the lower branch joined to the brachial nerve by one or two trans- 
verse nerves. Submarginal wing-nerve complete; first and third 
wing-nerves simple, the second forked, its upper and lower branches 
either connected with the first and third respectively by a trans- 
verse nerve or shortly confluent with those nerves, except in 
Gnathodus, where the upper branch is confluent with the first 
Wwing-nerve as far as the submarginal nerve. Front pairs of tibie 
subterete, spinose on the outer side; hind tibie quadrangular- 
prismatic, with four rows of spines. 
A somewhat numerous group, distinguished from all 
our other species with multispinose hind tibie by the 
position of the ocelli, the absence of any well-defined 
border separating the crown from the face, and the 
branched nerves of the corium. 
The black markings which occur on the heads of many 
members of the genus Athysanus, and some others of 
this family, notwithstanding a great tendency either to 
exaggeration or reduction, frequently form valuable aids 
to identification, and the following names for the various 
parts of what may be considered as the normal pattern 
are proposed with a view to render intelligible any 
reference to the subject in the descriptions which follow. 
Proceeding forwards from the hind margin of the 
crown we have :— 
1st. Two basal markings, one on each side, generally 
either punctiform or annular. 
Qnd. An interocular line, running straight across the 
crown at the level of the apex of the inner 
margin of the eye. 
8rd. The interocellar line, connecting the ocelli and 
sometimes extending as far as the eyes, widened, 
angularly bent forward, and generally interrupted 
in the middle. 
