Lepidoptera of Sikkim. 271 
and on the Tibetan and Bhotan frontier, who have in 
successive years procured many species which do not 
occur in the outer and accessible parts of Sikkim. 
In 1886 I received permission to accompany the 
embassy which the Indian Government intended to send 
under Mr. Colman Macaulay to Lhasa, and during the 
delay of the mission at Darjeeling I collected diligently 
in British Sikkim from May 18th to the end of August, 
and observed a large quantity of species in life, besides 
what I obtained through my native collectors and my 
friends Messrs. Moller, Gammie, de Nicéville, and 
Knyvett, to all of whom my best thanks are due for 
their great help and kindness in assisting my pursuits. 
To Mr. Moller, however, I owe the greater part of 
the observations and notes here recorded, and, as 
this gentleman has been for ten years a resident in 
Sikkim, and has both personally and through native 
collectors steadily increased his knowledge of the 
Lepidoptera during this Jong period, I believe that no 
place in the tropics of the Old World has been worked 
so thoroughly as British Sikkim, or would so well repay 
the labour which he has devoted to it. 
A very large number of the smaller species, especially 
the Lycenide and Hesperide, which were previously 
unknown or supposed to be very rare, are now taken in 
abundance by him and his men, and have been de- 
scribed and admirably figured by Mr. de Nicéville in the 
Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal and elsewhere. 
A certain number of species which were collected 
by others, but which we have not personally pro- 
cured, are included on the authority of Hewitson and 
Moore, but where I see any reason to doubt the correct- 
ness of the locality given I have not numbered these 
species in my list. 
Though it would be impossible for me in the limits of 
a paper of this kind to describe in detail the physical 
features of Sikkim, which have been so faithfully and 
admirably described by Sir Joseph Hooker in his 
‘ Himalayan Journals,’ and by Hodgson in his numerous 
papers on the Natural History of the Himalayas; yet, in 
order to explain the wonderful wealth of natural produc- 
tions in Sikkim, I must say a few words on this subject. 
Sikkim is a small territory situated between Nepal 
and Bhotan, bounded on the north by Tibet and on the 
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