Lepidoptera of Sikkim. 339 
110. Apatura (Sephisa) chandra. 
Castalia chandra, Moore, Cat. E. I. C., p. 200, t. vi., a, 
4 g (1857); Waterhouse, Aid., i., p. 8, 2 (1880). 
Sephisa chandra, Butt. Ind., ii., p. 46. 
Not uncommon before and after the rains, but local ; 
the female, however, is much rarer, and differs much 
from the male. The female form found in Sikkim, how- 
ever, though not constant, is different from the one from 
Nepal, figured by Waterhouse, and usually has a large 
patch of white across the purple of the fore wings, and 
the hind wings of a similar deep purple with paler spots. 
The range of this supposed genus, which, however, I 
do not see my way clearly to separate from Apatura, is 
now much extended by the discovery of a new species in 
Corea, which is described as Apatura princeps by Fixsen ; 
also described by Leech, P. Z.S., 1887, p. 417, as Apatura 
cauta. Another species, or variety, occurs in Hast 
Tibet, and will no doubt be soon published by Oberthur. 
111. Apatura namouna. 
Apatura namouna, Doubl., Ann. Nat. Hist., 1845, 
p. 178; Butt. Ind., ii.. p. 50, t. xx., fig. 91, 3. 
A. ambica, Koll., Hugel’s Kash., p. 481, t. vil., 3, 4 
(1848). 
A. zanoa, Hew., Ex. Butt., iv., t. 1., figs. 7, 8 (1869). 
A. bhavana, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 
p. 8307; Waterhouse, Aid. ii., t. 127 (1883). 
Males common at low elevations up to about 4000 ft., 
but the females are quite rare. This is a very bold insect, 
and will return to its settling-place after three or four 
attempts to catch it have been made; it has a strong, 
rather jerking, flight, and is very restless. It is curious 
that this, as well as many other species, occur in the 
North-west Himalaya at greater elevations than in 
Sikkim. 
T can see no reason for separating A. bhavana, and, 
though an ‘ Aid to Identification’ is very necessary, 
in order to understand a great many types in the British 
Museum, I think it might be more usefully applied to 
less doubtful species than this, 
