362 My. H. J. Elwes’ catalogue of the 
the lower elevations; on the higher ground up to 
12,000 ft. or more in summer. 
191. Vanessa indica. 
Papilio indica, Herbst., Nat. Schm., vii., p. 171, 
t. clxxx. (1794). 
Pyrameis indica, Butt. Ind., ii., p. 229, t. xviii., fig. 74. 
P. callirhoe, Hubn., Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 33 (1816). 
Not uncommon in open ground, like the last, at all 
seasons and elevations up to 12,000 ft. 
192. Vanessa canace. 
Papilio canace, Linn., Syst. Nat., xii., vol. i., p. 779 
(1767). 
P. charonia, Drury, Ill. Ex. Ent., i., t. xv., 1, 2 (1770). 
Vanessa canace, Butt. Ind., i., p. 231. 
Occurs, but never commonly, up to 5 or 6000 ft. during 
the greater part of the year. 
193. Vanessa antiopa. 
Papilio antiopa, Linn., Syst. Nat., x., p. 476 (1758). 
Vanessa antiopa, Butt. Ind., il., p. 282. 
I have no knowledge of the occurrence of this in 
Sikkim proper, though I received a considerable number 
from native collectors, which were taken in Chumbi or 
Bhotan in July and August. I am not aware that it has 
been taken in any other part of the Himalaya. 
194. Vanessa kashmirensis. 
Vanessa kaschmirensis, Koll., Hugel’s Kash., iv., p. 442, 
t. xi., figs. 8, 4 (1848): Butt. Ind., i1., p. 233. 
Occurs from 2 or 3 up to 12,000 ft. and upwards ; 
commoner at low elevations in winter. I have formerly 
remarked that Sikkim specimens were darker than those 
from Kashmir, but I do not now think that they could 
be distinguished, as the colour varies in Sikkim as in 
the North-west Himalaya. Though very near to V. 
urtice, which occurs in Northern, Western, and Central 
Asia, I have specimens from Asia Minor, North Persia, 
Namagan, Amurland, and Japan; it is, I think, always 
