Lepidoptera of Sikkim. 363 
distinct on account of the colour of the fore wing below, 
and Doherty says the claspers are different from those 
of V. urtice. 
? 195. Vanessa rizana. 
Vanessa vizana, Moore, P.Z.8., 1872, p. 559; Butt. 
Ind., ii., p. 284. 
I hardly know whether to keep this species distinct 
from urtice. It agrees very well with that species in 
the colour of the upper side, but on the under side has 
none of the yellowish colour on the fore wing shown by 
all my specimens of wrtice, excepting one sent by Dr. 
Staudinger as “var. Turanica”’ from Namagan, which 
is intermediate in this respect. I have several specimens 
of rizana, viz., two from Kashmir, one of which was 
named by Moore; four from Lahoul; and three from 
Ta-tsien-lo, in East Tibet, where it is a common and 
constant form, judging from the specimens in M. Ober- 
thur’s collection. I include this species doubtfully in 
the Sikkim fauna on the strength of a bad specimen 
received through native collectors from the interior. 
196. Vanessa ladakensis. 
Vanessa Ladakensis, Moore, Ann. Nat. Hist,, 1878, i., 
p. 227; Butt. Ind., ii., p. 234. 
V. Ladakensis, Elwes, P. Z.8., 1882, p. 403. 
I have nothing to add to what I wrote about this 
species, which I have only received from the eastern 
frontier in Chumbi or Bhotan. It is more distinct than 
either kashmirensis or rizana. 
197. Vanessa c-album, var. tibetana, new var. 
CPTT XG, tig, 
Vanessa c-album, Linn.; Butt. Ind., 1., p. 287; Elwes, 
P. Z.8., 1882, p. 403. 
When previously writing of this species I had but 
one specimen from Sikkim, which I could not identify 
with V. agnicula, Moore, or separate from c-albwn. 
Since then I have received many more from the same 
source viz., native collectors in Chumbi and North-west 
Bhotan. Twelve fresh ones now in my collection differ 
so conspicuously from all others which I have, viz., 40 
from various parts of Kurope, 6 from Turkestan (vay. 
