412 Mr. H. J. Elwes’ catalogue of the 
366. Terias hecabe. 
Papilio hecabe, Linn., Syst. Nat., i., 11, p. 763 (1767). 
I shall not attempt to give the synonymy of this 
species here, because the number of names which has 
been applied to the various forms of this insect by 
Messrs. Butler and Moore is so great that it would cover 
half the page, and moreover, I should be unable to 
say, without having seen the so-called types of these 
species, that they were certainly identical with hecabe, 
though some of mine have been otherwise named by 
Swinhoe and Moore; but, after examining carefully 
about 200 specimens from all parts of India in my 
collection, of which 40 are from Sikkim, I do not see 
my way to define more than one species. It is as 
common here as elsewhere, and extends from the Terai 
to at least 10,000 ft. elevation. 
The most marked varieties are as follows: a large 
lemon-yellow insect, which Swinhoe and Moore call 
hecabeoides, having a broad border extending round the 
posterior angle of the fore wings and half-way down the 
costa, with a border of about a line wide on the hind 
wings, and no brown patch at the apex of the fore wing 
beneath. The females are paler, more or less flecked 
with dark scales on both wings above, and have a 
broader, less-defined border on the hind wings. This 
form occurs during the rains in the lowest and hottest 
valleys, and agrees perfectly with what I took at Teria 
Ghat, in the Khasias. At Mongpo, 3—4000 ft., the 
prevalent form is smaller and rather brighter yellow 
above, but otherwise similar; and a very dwarf form, 
not more than two-thirds the size of the common one, 
occurs in both sexes in June, and probably at other 
seasons. At higher elevations, and up to the top of 
Tonglo, the same form, but usually smaller, occurs 
during June, July, and August. 
In the spring months, at low elevations, the band of 
the fore wings in the male is reduced to a narrow edging 
of black on the posterior half, and does not extend round 
the angle, but this is not constant. In the hind wing 
the border is reduced to a very narrow line, sometimes 
only showing in the form of specks at the ends of the 
veins. 
