520 Notes in 1887 upon lepidopterous larve, ce. 
slightly suffuses the larval surface around the base of 
this structure. 
The well-known tubercles and bristles are distinct 
from the very first, having the arrangement shown in 
fig. 2, x 5°8. EKach abdominal segment, from the Ist to 
the 7th, bears five of these prominent structures upon 
each side, and there are a large number of them upon 
the indistinctly separated segments posterior to the 7th 
abdominal. The arrangement upon this part can be 
seen in figs. 2 and 6, and upon the thoracic segments in 
figs. 2 and 5. There are at first no other shagreen 
tubercles upon the larva, but at the end of the stage, 
just before the resting period, there is an indistinct 
appearance of these structures. A fairly high power 
only shows that the green larval surface is mottled with 
white, and does not support the view that tubercles are 
present. It is probable that the effect is due to the 
partially-formed shagreen dots of the next stage, showing 
through the transparent skin. The head is thinly 
covered with short hairs. (Figs. 2 and 5). 
The subdorsal line is certainly absent at first, but 
there is no doubt about its appearance at the end of the 
stage. It is very difficult to see clearly because of the 
glistening larval surface, and its borders are very ill- 
defined. It is possible that this feature also belongs to 
the next stage and is only seen through the skin. 
Knowing that these larve subsequently become 
brown, I was very interested to find that five of them 
(the first hatched, and four of the fifteen younger larve), 
possessed a well-marked brown area, bounded by tuber- 
cles bearing bristles, upon the dorsal surface of the 
prothorax (see fig. 5); another brown triangular area, 
similarly bounded, on the anal flap, and a brown 
quadrangular area on each side of the anus (fig. 6). The 
anal claspers were also brown. ‘These marks were pre- 
sent through the whole stage: the posterior patches 
were of a much darker brown colour than that upon the 
prothorax. The tubercles and bristles were, of course, 
similarly arranged in the larve without the brown areas. 
The prothoracic area is, I feel sure, the homologue 
of the hard plate which occupies this position in wood- 
boring and burrowing larve, in Tortrices, &c. This 
plate is evidently a very ancient feature of the lepidop- 
terous larva. Traces of it can, I believe, be found 
