366 Mr. J. J. Walker's notes on Lepidoptera 



the lovely white-flowered Cistus ladaniferus, L., is most 

 conspicuous in the early months of the year. The 

 reed-fences enclosing the few cultivated spots support 

 great festoons of Aristolochia, Clematis, Smilax, Bryonia, 

 and other climbers, from which many moths may be 

 beaten, and the tall Eucalyptus trees in the gardens on 

 " Mount Washington," the hill nearest Tangier in that 

 direction, are, in September, the favourite resort of 

 Charaxes Jasius. On the eastern side of Tangier the 

 shores of the Bay are fringed with sand-hills, supporting 

 a scanty growth of Retama, &c., and strips of salt- 

 marsh : these rise into low clay hills, with massive 

 fragments of ancient buildings (relics of the old Cartha- 

 ginian city of Tingis) scattered over them ; in part 

 cultivated and strewn with innumerable loose stones, 

 beneath which, in the winter and early spring months, 

 a varied and most interesting coleopterous fauna has its 

 habitat. There is, however, little or no wooded country 

 within walking distance of Tangier, and, owing to 

 limited time and other causes, I did not on any occasion 

 go more than five miles from the town. 



From Cape Malabata (the eastern boundary of Tangier 

 Bay) to Benzus the southern shores of the Straits 

 appear somewhat barren and uninviting, and I had no 

 opportunity of landing at any point except once or twice 

 at Almanza Bay, which in general resembles that of 

 Benziis in character, with the addition of a good-sized 

 stream in the valley. The Spanish town and peninsula 

 of Ceuta, which bears a remote resemblance to Gibraltar, 

 though very far inferior in grandeur, was visited by 

 me only on one occasion, when I saw no insects worthy 

 of notice. 



Southwards from Ceuta to the mouth of the Bus-feka 

 or Kus Eiver, a distance of about 20 miles, the shore of 

 the Mediterranean Sea is for the most part flat and 

 sandy, with low marshy land between the beach and the 

 hills, which about 6 miles inland attain an elevation of 

 over 2500 ft. A sjDur of these hills terminates to seaward 

 in the fine bold promontory of Cape Negro, the vertical 

 cliffs of which are over 600 ft. high. Just to the north 

 of Cape Negro is the extensive plain of Buzaghal or 

 Esmir, comprising several square miles of marsh and 

 lagoon, shut ofi' from the sea by a strip of sand-hills 

 about 150 yards wide, through which, in the winter, the 



