370 Mr. J. J. Walker's notes on Lepidoptera 



Its flight is much more powerful than that of its near 

 ally. 



E. euphenoides, Staud. — Only found on the European 

 side of the Straits ; it is common on the Eock of 

 Gibraltar and at Malaga, and in the cork-woods it forms 

 quite a feature in the scenery on a fine sunny day at the 

 end of March, flitting quietly from flower to flower 

 among the brushwood. The females of this and of the 

 preceding species are much less numerous, or at all 

 events less frequently seen, than their mates ; I should 

 put the proportion at about three males to one female 

 observed. The earliest date of its appearance is March 

 11th (on the Eock), and it remains on the wing until the 

 end of April. The larva I frequently swept off Biscutclla 

 in May. 



Leucophasia sinapis, L. — A common insect in the 

 cork-woods, but not observed anywhere else ; it first 

 appears at the end of March (26th), and successive 

 broods occur up to the end of July. It varies greatly in 

 size, as well as in the development of the black apical 

 spot of the primaries, the late summer specimens being 

 very small and faintly marked. 



Colias edusa, F. — This is perhaps the most abundant 

 butterfly throughout the entire region, and there is 

 scarcely a fine day in any month on which freshly- 

 emerged specimens may not be seen on the wing. The 

 autumn and winter broods, as a rule, are smaller, paler 

 in colour, and with narrower dark borders than the 

 spring and summer insects. The smallest male speci- 

 men 1 possess, however, was taken at Gibraltar in June, 

 1887, and measures exactly 1^ in. (38 mm.) in expanse. 

 The next in size, also a male (Gibraltar, February, 1887), 

 measures 1 in. 7^ lin. (41 mm.), and the smallest female 

 (Gibraltar, December, 1889) is 1 in. 10 lin. (46 mm.). 

 The largest male, taken at Algegiras in June, 1888, is a 

 singularly fine deeply coloured specimen, with abnormally 

 wide and dark borders ; this expands 2 in. 3 lin. (57 mm.), 

 and a fine example of the ab. helice, Hiibn., from San 

 Eoque (June, 1888) measures 2 in. 4 lin. (59 mm.). 

 Compared with British specimens, the greater depth and 

 richness of colour of the summer broods of C. edusa 

 from the Straits region is very noticeable, and some of 

 the females are very darkly suffused at the bases of the 

 primaries. The ab. helice, Hiibn., is fairly common, mostly 



