434 Mr. FouUon'sfnrther experiments upon 



another gilt cylinder, XXVII. , in 1888, was also 

 brilliant. 



Experiment 5. Gold-lined compartment of ivooden box 

 (XXXL.). — 6 larvae, found July 17, were placed in 

 these surroundings July 18. The 6 pupre were scattered 

 over the roof, and were very light and glittering. 



Experiment G. Silver-lined, compartment of same box 

 (XLVL). — 6 larvae, found July 17, were placed here 

 July 18. The 6 pupae were distributed as in the last 

 experiment, and were also light varieties, but did not 

 exhibit nearly so much gold. The network of pigment 

 covering the surface was also much stronger. 



Experiment 7. Clear glass lamp-shade almost filed with 

 yellow paper spills. — 1 pupa was fixed to a spill, and 

 5 to the glass near tbe spills. All the pupa3, except 

 one dark individual with little gold (on the glass), were 

 light-coloured glittering varieties. 



Experiment 8. Opal glass globe (L.). — 6 pujiae, sus- 

 pended from the glass near the top, were light, with 

 brilliant gold spots. 



Some of the larvae, experimented with as described 

 above, were light varieties, and some were dark. The 

 larval colours were not attended by any special tendency 

 towards the formation of light or dark pupae. This was 

 also noticed in 1886. 



These results indicate that C. cardui is also probably 

 sensitive, like the allied species ; but more individuals 

 are needed to test this satisfactorily. 



In Vanessa atalanta dark pupae are formed in darkness 

 and on dark surfaces exposed to light. The black surface 

 is perfectly eflecti\e, even when separated from the larva 

 by a layer of glass. Gilt surfaces produce light and 

 glittering pupae, and the gilt also is elective outside the 

 glass. Silver surfaces produce far less light and brilliant 

 pupae, the species resembling V. io in this respect. 

 White opal glass and bright yellow paper are very 

 effective, as in the other Vanessidw, subjected to experi- 

 ment. 



Conflicting Colour Experiments, 1892. 



A few of these experiments were conducted during the 

 past summer. The pupae in the compartments of the 

 case already described (see p. 393), and shown in Plate 

 XV., Fig. 5, were compared August 28. 



