Effects produced. 



Light reflected from 

 backgrounds. 



Darkest blue paper. Very 

 great absorption of all ex- 

 cept blue, which was slightly 

 absorbed (LXII., blue 

 spills). 



White metallic svrfaces of 

 till and silver. These give 

 a strong, continuous spec- 

 trum, but the light is re- 

 flected regularly, and not 

 much diffused. 



Yellmv metallic surface of 

 ?;)Y(x.s- ("gilt") also api^ears 

 to give a strong, continuous 

 spectrum, but the yellow 

 colour is due to the absorj:)- 

 tion of blue. Reflect regu- 

 larly as above. More effect 

 is produced when there is 

 increased diffusion ,owing to 

 the surface being irregular. 



White opal glass. Gives 

 a strong, continuous spec- 

 trum ; the light is diffused. 



White paper. Spectrum 

 as above. 



Amphidasis Other Bensi- 

 betularia. tive larvse. 



Uniform- 

 ly very 

 dark 

 larvffi : 

 a deep 



purplish 

 brown. 



White 

 larvffi. 



Pupae. 



Vanessa 



urtica, 



1886 and 



later. 



Vanessa io. 



Tend to 

 produce 

 light and 

 brilliant 

 pupae, 

 but not 

 so much 

 as below. 



Produces 

 the light- 

 est and 



most 

 ^brilliant 



pupae. 



Tends 

 strongly 

 to pro- 

 duce 

 light and 

 brilliant 

 pupa3. 



As above. 



Dark 

 pupae. 



Tend to 



produce 

 green 

 pupffi, 



but not 

 nearly so 



much as 

 below. 



Tends 



very 



strongly 



to pro- 

 duce 



green 



pupffi. 



Tends 

 strongly 

 to pro- 

 duce 

 green 

 pup£e. 



As above. 



Pieris bras- 



sica and /'. 



rapte, 1886 



and 1888. 



Darkish 

 pupa9 



(P. rapcE, 

 1886). 



Light or 

 green 

 pupa?. 



