6 Messrs. H. J. Elwes and J. Edwards on 
fact seems to be that megalomma, Butl., and narasingha, 
M., form a passage from Ypthima to Callerebia, and that 
hyagriva, M., and nareda, Koll., form a similar passage 
from Callerebia to Ypthima; but it will be more con- 
venient to place them both in Callerebia pending the dis- 
covery of other insects which shall resemble them 
respectively more nearly than they do any other species, 
in which case narasingha and hyagriva may well be taken 
as types of new genera. 
A very useful character for distinguishing between 
closely allied species is found in the presence or absence 
of an opaque space of greater or less extent on the disk 
of the fore wing in the male, and arising in the immediate 
neighbourhood of the median nerve. The taxonomic 
value of this ‘‘sex-mark”’ has apparently been somewhat 
misunderstood, possibly because Marshall and de Nicé- 
ville, who make great use of it, describe it as a ‘‘ broad 
patch of more densely packed scales on the upper side 
of the fore wing along both sides of the median nervure, 
with a somewhat silky appearance”’; this would almost 
lead one to suppose that when present it is something 
always observable in the aspect of the insect above, 
which is by no means the case. Doubtless the opacity 
above mentioned is due to more densely packed scales, 
but the nature and extent of the character can only be 
seen on holding the insect up against a strong light; 
judged of from its aspect above, the character is very 
variable, being conspicuous enough in some specimens of 
Marshal, Butl., while in the same aspect of Dohertyt, 
Moore, it might well be pronounced absent, although 
really present and well defined. 
It will be observed that considerable use has been 
made of the number of the ocelli on the under side of 
the hind wing as a distinctive character,* and up to a 
certain point their number and arrangement is very 
constant. “These ocelli may be treated as forming a sub- 
marginal series, which is variously interrupted in all the 
species except fasciata, Hew., and ttonia, Hew., where 
the seven ocelli form a continuous row; the number of 
the ocelli near the apex of the hind wing beneath (one, 
** It must be remembered that the ocelli are liable to become 
partially or wholly obsolete in the dry-season forms of several 
species which occur in India, but it is almost always possible to see 
the position which the ocelli would occupy if present. 
