et?) 
VI. On some neglected points in the structure of the 
pupe of Heterocerous Lepidoptera, and their pro- 
bable value in classification ; with some associated 
observations on larval prolegs. By Dr. THomas 
ALGERNON CHapman, M.D., F.E.S. 
[Read February 22nd, 1893. | 
Dersuutory and unrecorded observations of many years 
on pup were recently thrown into order and invested 
with a meaning by a study of the earlier stages of the 
Adelide, and I have since taken more accurate notes of 
the structure of the pupz of many species. Such accu- 
rate record, however, is a tedious and laborious process, 
and to go over the whole ground, or even a large fraction 
of it, will involve many years’ work, and require the 
combined energies of a number of observers. I have 
therefore thought it better to bring the subject forward 
in its present imperfect state, in order to direct atten- 
tion to it, rather than wait an indefinite time for the 
comparatively small additions I should myself be able 
to make; and, whilst apologising for the want of a larger 
mass of material, I may say that the indefinite and 
unnoted work of many years enables me to handle the 
material I have with more confidence than its own 
amount might appear to justify. 
Descriptions of pup are often very minute in various 
particulars, but it is curious that they are usually silent 
on the points that I desire to draw attention to. One 
consequence of this is, that almost every fact that I here 
report has had to be observed by myself, with no assist- 
ance from any published description. The reference to 
the pupa of Nascia cilialis, described by Mr. W. H. B. 
Fletcher, is, indeed, almost the only exception, though 
I am indebted to various correspondents for materials 
for observation. This is one excuse for calling attention 
to the subject as early as possible. It is very desirable 
that these omissions may in the future be supplied, and 
TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1893.—PARTI. (MARCH.) H 
