104 Dr. Chapman on some neglected points 
Micro pupa. No Macro pupa leaves its cocoon or other 
place of pupation for the emergence of the moth; though 
this would often appear to be a desirable accomplish- 
ment, as, for instance, for the Nonagrias, the Chilos, the 
Acronyctas, that bore into wood or the many Noctue and 
others that bury themselves deeply in the soil for pupa- 
tion. The Micro pupe all do this, and are armed with 
various rows of hooks and spines on the abdominal seg- 
ments to facilitate the process. To this rule the Ptero- 
phort form an exception. They have a free seventh 
male segment, and in dehiscence are true Micros, yet 
the pupa is fixed. 
There is another distinction in habit between Macros 
and Micros that is possibly accidental, as it is by no 
means a universal one; still it is the case that Macros 
love to hibernate as pups. Micros very much avoid 
doing so. I say possibly accidental, because there are 
many families in both groups in which different species 
hibernate in different stages, and not a few genera even 
in which such a variety of habit is found; therefore, if 
this habit was originally a distinction between the two 
forms, it is not surprising that it has been broken in 
upon in many directions. But it seems probable that 
the semi-incomplete Micro pupa is inherently less 
adapted to hibernation than the fully obtected Macro. 
Many Micros pass the winter as larve in their cocoons, 
changing to pup in the spring. Among the Macros 
(Obtecte), this habit is only common among the Pyrales. 
A curious illustration of this peculiarity is recorded by 
Mr. Healy in E. M.M., vol. iv., p. 10, in the case of 
Antispila (a true Micro, and probably indeed belonging to 
the Adelide). Treitschkiella passes the winter in its 
cocoon as a full-fed larva, but Pfeifferella as a pupa; but 
the moth begins to develop within it at once, and is well 
advanced before winter is fully set in, so that the hiber- 
nation is not truly that of a pupa. Lithocolletes (and 
Gracilaria?) present the largest proportion of instances 
of hibernating pupe of any Micro genera ; it is a curious 
coincidence that these have the first four abdominal seg- 
ments fixed as in Macros. 
In examining the mouth parts of the pupe of certain 
Adelids (Lampronia, Incurvaria, Adela, &c.), I found a 
structure that was new to me, and which to avoid theory 
I called the ‘‘eye-collar.” It is a narrow strip lying 
