110 Dr. Chapman on some neglected points 
by their close resemblance to many tipulid pup, espe- 
cially those of some gall-gnats, a resemblance that ap- 
pears to be one of relationship rather than accidental, 
from the dipterous pupa having hind wings, although 
the imago has halters, and from the imago presenting 
scales of quite a lepidopterous character. 
In the Micros the number of free segments varies, 
the 7th is always fixed in the female and free in the 
male, except in Hepialus, when the 7th segment tends 
to become fixed in the male, and Iam not sure that it is 
always quite free in all Gracilarias, but in both these 
cases the pupa is in other respects so typically Micro 
and related to other species in which the 7th (male) 
segment is free that no doubt of their position can 
arise. 
Another character, that of free mobility, is also uni- 
versal, except in the Pterophorids, which are typical 
Micros in “incompleteness,” dehiscence, and 7th male 
segment. 
This character of the Pterophori probably entitles 
them to the highest place in the division. There is, 
however, a competitor on another ground, viz., the 
Zygenide. In the Obtecte (Macros) we found the higher 
portion, the Macros proper, distinguished from the 
Pyraloids and others by the character of the abdominal 
prolegs, viz., that they had hooks only on the inner 
sides. This same distinction obtains in the Zygenide, 
which are thus parallel with the Macros (proper). 
This character of prolegs is no doubt correlated with 
the habit of feeding externally. The complete circle, 
with feeding internally or under a web, between united 
leaves, &c. The external habit is very rare amongst the 
Micros, and indeed only exists, besides the Zygenide, 
in the Cochliopodide, where it has been met in a different 
manner: and in Micropteryx (calthella), which possesses 
well-developed true legs (and anomalous abdominal 
legs). These three families are therefore close together. 
The free segments of Zygena and Limacodes are the 
same (8456 -—84,567), and the curious appendages in 
calthella larva may represent the urticating organs of 
Cochliopod larve. Among the Macros proper the in- 
ternal and concealed feeders retain the true Macro 
structure, and must be supposed to be descended from 
external feeders, and to have reverted to the ancient 
