species of Pulvinaria from Jamaica. 161 
2 without ovisac, like the hesperidwm group of Lecaniuwm, oval, 
somewhat elevated, more or less transversely ridged, shiny, pale 
brown. Anal plates conspicuous, sometimes ochreous. 
The edge of the scale has short simple hairs of the ordinary sort. 
There are also the four larger bristles where the segmentation 
should be, just as in P. vitis (as figured by Signoret). The posterior 
incision (as in Lecanium) is well pronounced, with the sides con- 
tiguous. In some individuals the cephalic portion of the scale is 
more or less separated by a lateral constriction from the rest. The 
tarsus is about two-thirds the length of the tibia, and the tibia 
about two-thirds the length of the femur. There are slender 
clubbed tarsal hairs, extending beyond end of claw, with the club 
very small. Claw with a small curved clubbed digitule. Antenne 
with eight joints; the 8rd longest, then the 2nd, then the Ist, then 
the 4th, then 5, 6, and 7 subequal, then 8th shortest ; 2nd joint 
with a very long hair; 5th joint with two long hairs; 8th with 
about seven long hairs. 
Larva.—Active, oval, pale yellow, with dark or black eyes. The 
young larva has two caudal hairs, not so long as the greatest 
diameter of body; these hairs curve so as to cross near their ends. 
The sides of the posterior cleft are not contiguous in the larva. 
Parasites.—The scales often show one to four holes, where para- 
sites have escaped; and from the ovisacs project one or more 
pupa cases, evidently dipterous. These pupa-cases are colourless, 
with the antennal coverings separate, like horns, from the body ; 
thus resembling the pupa of Sciara. The leg-coverings are blunt 
at the extremity, with a small sublateral bristle. In the scales of 
females which have not yet developed the ovisac, I find a dark 
vandyke-brown dipterous parasite, with long finely pubescent legs 
and a very large straight tibial spur. The tarsus does not show 
any joints, and, besides its covering of short hairs, it shows a row 
of eight short stiff bristles on its inner side. The femur is rather 
shorter than the tibia. It seems possible that the holes in the 
scales may have been due to a Chalcidid parasite, and the puparia 
in the ovisacs must be those of a dipterous inquiline (compare the 
notes in ‘Entomologist,’ 1892, pp. 180—182). The dipteron found 
iu the females without ovisacs is no doubt a parasite, but it cannot 
be identified until specimens are reared. 
Note on the relationships of Pulvinaria. 
A Pulvinaria, before it has produced the cottony ovisac, 
is practically identical with Lecanium, and resembles the 
species of the group of L. hesperidum. Compare Pulvi- 
