162 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on two new 
naria cupanieé with Lecanium longulum, Dougl., for in- 
stance, and the similarity is very striking. The gland- 
spots, the marginal spines, the hairs upon the coxa and 
trochanter, all are closely similar; and the antenne 
have the same number of joints.* The knobbed and 
truncated hairs on the margin of the scale of P. cupanie 
suggest the remarkable branched hairs of Lecaniwm 
mangiferé, which were probably knobbed in an earlier 
stage of their evolution. 
We have in Jamaica a rather problematical species, 
which I have called Pulvinaria dendrophthore, and it 
shows very well the difficulty of distinguishing a Pulvi- 
naria from a Lecaniwm, when the former has no ovisac. 
This P. dendrophthore was found by Mr. Fawcett at 
Cinchona (5000 ft. alt.) on Dendrophthora cupressoides. 
Specimens were extremely numerous on the plant, and 
had all the appearance of a flat Lecaniwm ; but I found 
a single example with a cottony ovisac, and hence re- 
ferrred them to Pulvinaria. Nevertheless, it is im- 
possible to say with perfect certainty that the single 
Pulvinaria was really of the same species, and, if it was 
not, it would be necessary to refer the specimens without 
ovisacs to Lecanium! Dr. Riley, to whom I sent only 
specimens without ovisacs, referred the species to 
Lecanium. ‘These insects are greenish, the colour of 
the Dendrophthora, and resemble very much the females 
of P. cupanie at the same stage. The two pairs of 
spines on each side are very conspicuous, the anterior 
spine of each pair being considerably shorter than the 
posterior. The marginal hairs are more slender than 
in P. cupanie, yet they show a slight tendency to be 
knobbed. I do not doubt that when the species comes 
to be better known it will prove to be a true Pulvinaria, 
but it may be seen from these notes how slight are the 
characters of that genus. 
Pulvinaria has no doubt been evolved from the flat 
type of Lecaniwm, which may be regarded as the most 
primitive form of the subfamily. The order of evolution 
seems to have been guided by the supreme necessity for 
protecting the eggs, which are known to be severely 
* The characters of L. longulum here noted, except as to the 
antenne, are not mentioned by Mr. Douglas in his original descrip- 
tion (Ent. Mo. Mag., 1887), but were observed by me in specimens 
found in Antigua (Barber) and at Kingston, Jamaica. 
