240 Prof. L. CG. Miall on Dicranota ; 
The larva of Dicranota tends to confirm the view that 
the appendages of the last segment of Tipulid larve are 
branchial. Rather large trachew, breaking up into a 
crowd of fine branches, are distributed to the three pairs 
of appendages (fig. 25). These processes are at least as 
well supplied with trachez as the lateral appendages of 
the larva of Stalis, or Ber sus,* or the tail-plates of 
Agrionide, which are universally regarded as tracheal 
gills. 
The fore part of the body of the larva is covered with 
fine close-set hairs, pointing backwards. These are 
more conspicuous than elsewhere along two broad bands 
which occupy most of the dorsal and ventral surfaces. 
On the intervening lateral bands the hairs become more 
scanty. Where the abdominal feet begin, in segment 6, 
the hairs become more scanty, and a narrow transverse 
patch of skin, which encloses each pair of pseudopods, 
is completely bare. The hairs are probably useful in 
locomotion.t 
In many of its external features the larva of Dicranota 
resembles that of the nearly allied Pedicia rivosa, L. 
Both belong to the same section (Amalopina) of the 
Tipulide brevipalpi, and they are similar in size, colour, 
** Special attention should be bestowed upon the plwmed appen- 
dages at the hinder end of the aquatic larva of Hiliptera omissa, 
described by Mik (Wien. Ent. Zeits., 1886, p. 337, tab. vi., figs. 
2—7); and to the apparently similar appendages of the aquatic 
larva of Limnophila fascipennis, described by Beling (Verh. Zool. 
Bot. Gesells., 1886, p. 197), and figured by Brauer in his Zweifl. 
Wien. Mus. (tab. i., fig. 6). Are these appendages gills? or are 
they merely adapted for holding a globule of air when the larva 
dives, as in the larvee of Stratiomyida ! / Asimilar globule of air 
is figured by Fritz Miiller at the fringed tail of a larva of Psychoda 
(Entomol. Nachrichten, 1888, p. 273). 
** Among the larvee figured by the older authors, that of Phala- 
crocera replicata, described by DeGeer (tom. vi., p. 351, pl. 20, 
fig. 5), is of special interest. It has long filaments, some of them 
forked, all over the body. ‘The usually very exact DeGeer does 
not describe any stigmata,’ says Schummel (Limnobia, p. 206). 
The larva has been found several times since, but, so far as t ‘know, 
the nature of these filaments has never been investigated. fingel 
(Entomol. Nachrichten, 1884, p. 260) found it in a lake on old 
stems of Ranunculus fluitans, but he gives no further details. 
Grube (Jahresb. f. Vaterl. Kultur, 1867, p. 59) has a short descrip- 
tion of it.”—(Note by Baron Osten Sacken. ) 
* Schiddte, De Met. Eleuth., i., pl. v., fig. 13. 
+ Osten Sacken, loc. cit., p. 6. 
