a carnivorous Tipulid larva. 241 
and habitat. The chief difference observed in comparing 
Beling’s description of the larva of Pedicia rivosa with 
the larva of Dicranota was that the abdominal feet of 
Pedicia are said to be borne upon segments 8, 9, 10, and 
11; while those of Dicranota are borne upon segments 
6, 7, 8,9, and 10. The pupa of Pedicia is said to be 
devoid of spines and hairs, while that of Dicranota has 
spiny plates upon the dorsal surface of the abdomen. 
No anatomical account of the larva or pupa of Pedicia 
is known to me. 
The Larval Epidermis. 
The cells of the epidermis form a single layer beneath 
the cuticle. Among these are set, at moderately regular 
intervals, much larger isolated cells, with striated proto- 
plasm and enormous nuclei (giant-cells). Processes from 
these large cells pass through pore-canals in the cuticle 
(fig. 12). 
The Nervous System of the Larva. 
None of the ganglia lie in the head. The brain, with 
the subcesophageal and prothoracic ganglia, lies in the 
fore part of the mesothorax ; the mesothoracic ganglion 
occupies the hinder part of the same segment; the 
metathoracic ganglion is in the middle of the meta- 
thorax, and the 1st abdominal in the fore part of the | 
1st abdominal segment.* There are seven more abdo- 
minal ganglia in segments 5, 6,7, 8, 9, and 10. The 
two last ganglia lie close together in the 10th segment. 
The Body-wall and Ceelom of the Larva. 
The muscles of the body-wall are arranged in an 
outer annular and an inner longitudinal set. The an- 
nular muscles are very numerous, and may be attached 
to the cuticle at several points. 
The fat-body consists of two crumpled semi-cylindrical 
sheets, which extend almost throughout the body, and 
* This is the position of the ganglia when the head is retracted. 
A rather considerable shifting of the anterior ganglia is caused by 
the protraction or retraction of the head. The nerve-cord is very 
loosely attached and mobile. The limits of the prothorax are not 
easily ascertained by mere external inspection, as this segment is 
deeply constricted about the middle of its length. Observation of 
the places where the imaginal legs form is necessary to determine 
the thoracic segments with certainty. 
