Phylogeny of the Pierine. 261 
The component spots are usually large and distinct, as 
may be especially well seen in H. glaucippe ? (Fig. 19). 
The same insect also shows the series tolerably well on 
the under surface, where it is in other members of the 
genus, as a rule, somewhat lost in the general mottling 
of the wing. 
S is often well seen on the underside of species be- 
longing to the genus Jvias, where it assumes a condition 
very like that which obtains in Colias. In I. marianne 
it is especially well developed, and the component spots 
on the hindwing are often furnished with pale centres. 
Some members of the series are frequently also visible 
on the upper surface, as in J. marianne 9, where S 6—9 
are conspicuous (Hig. 18). 
The genera Teracolus, Swains., Idmais, Boisd., and 
Callosune, Doubl., are united by Mr. Butler as Teracolus. 
In most of the species included under this head, the 
series now being discussed is distinctly visible, especially 
in the female and on the under surface. Good examples 
of the series are furnished by 7. danae and YT. etrida. 
In T. eucharis 3 it has mostly vanished from the upper 
surface; S 8, however, remains, aS in so many other 
instances, and is, moreover, in this insect often reinforced 
by the presence of S 13 and 14, which spots have been 
also seen to persist in our common species of Ganoris. 
The female of 7. regina possesses S in a well-developed 
condition on both surfaces, S 10 being especially con- 
spicuous. ‘he same series is visible to a less degree in 
the female of 7. cone. The males of both species show 
indications of S on the lower surface, but none on the 
upper. ‘The series may also be seen in a well-developed 
state in 7. hewitsonii and T. amata (Fig. 17). 
In Huchloe the series has almost disappeared. A relic, 
however, persists near the apex of the forewing in some 
species, best seen, perhaps, in H. tagis, H. ausonia, and 
EH. hyantis ; while H. reakirtit @ shows § on the upper 
side of the forewing very distinctly; S 8 indenting the 
line as in the genus Synchloe. A comparison of the 
under surface of the hindwing in H. cardamines and 
H. ewpheno with the somewhat similar system of marking 
in S. daplidice suggests also the probability that part of 
the green mottling in Huchloe represents the submarginal 
series. ‘Ihe same series is certainly visible on the upper 
surface of the hindwing in some specimens of H. lweilla 9. 
