Phylogeny of the Pierine. 309 
however, certain forms are included under Phrissura in 
the Collection of the British Museum (P. phaola, P. 
sylvia, P. eudowia, etc.) which appear to me to agree in 
structural characters with B. lasti, and to differ from 
P. illana. If, therefore, Messrs. Grose Smith and 
Kirby are right (which I do not doubt) in separating 
B. lasti, ete., from Phrissura as represented by P. illana, 
I am strongly of opinion that P. phaola, P. sylvia, 
P. eudoma,* and P. coniata should go with them; 
and to this assemblage I would add every so-called 
Belenois that is furnished with anal tufts, together 
with ‘ Belenois”? or * Glutophrissa” saba. We should 
then have a natural group of African and Malagasy 
Pierines, between which there would exist no assignable 
difference in structure, while they would be all alike 
characterised by the possession of anal tufts like those 
of Catophaga and Appias. They may, perhaps, be 
considered as a section of Belenois, but to my mind they 
seem by their neuration, no less than by the obvious 
character of the anal tufts, to come much nearer to 
Appias, of which genus I am disposed to regard them 
as an African offshoot. The South American species 
Glutophrissa poeyi, G. margarita, G. castalia, etc., are 
very closely related to the present section.+ 
Although the structural affinity of the forms that have 
just been discussed with each other and with Appias 
seems undeniable, there is no doubt that in pattern they 
mostly show a marked divergence from that genus. 
This appears to be due to mimicry, the models for which 
are usually supplied by the genus Mylothris. Thus B. 
lasti is said by Messrs. Grose Smith and Kirby to be 
“nearest to B. trimenia, Butl.” ; the latter, however, is a 
true Mylothris with the characteristic neuration of that 
genus. Considerable resemblance also obtains (as men- 
tioned above, p. 308) between P. rhodope, Fabr., and M, 
: P. eudowia, Cram., is apparently identical with P. sylvia ?, 
Fabr. 
+ Mr. Wallace (loc. cit., p. 312) includes these American and 
African forms with Appias, Catophaga, and Hiposcritia in his 
genus Tachyris, For the purposes of the present paper it will 
perhaps be sufficient if I refer to the American and African 
species with Appias-like structure and anal tufts collectively as 
: Ben B,” while designating polisma and illana as “ Phris- 
sura A.” 
