Phylogeny of the Pierine. 311 
Belenois in which the first subcostal is distinct are very 
near Prioneris, and the remainder seem to approximate to 
Delias by the partial loss of a subcostal branch, as well 
as by the contour and direction of the disco-cellular 
nervules. It is to be observed that some species of 
Belenois proper, like those of the “‘ Phrissura B” group, 
are mimics of various species of Mylothris, as B. thysa of 
M. agathina. Pinacopteryx is probably a collateral or 
derived branch of Belenois; the female of P. capricornus 
retains S and M on both surfaces in a well-marked 
condition. 
We now come to a large and important group of 
genera which appears to take origin from the older 
Pierine stock at a point nearest to the genus Synchloe. 
An early stage of divergence is reached by Teracolus ;* 
many species of which show the primitive series S and 
M, together with the discoidal spot and the precostal 
yellow of the underside of the hindwing. The curious 
genus Herpxnia is probably a survival of the links that 
once united Teracolus with Synchloe ; in neuration it is 
intermediate between the two, and in pattern, together 
with aberrations peculiar to itself, it shows points of 
contact with both. The pattern of the upper surface in 
Teracolus is easily derivable from that of Synchloe, the 
nearest approach to Synchloe in this respect being made 
by the Jdmais group ; compare, for instance, 7. dynamene 
with S. hellica ?. But the passage from the underside 
of the hindwing in Synchloe to that of Teracolus is more 
difficult ; Herpznia, however, enables us to bridge over 
the interval very fairly, for if H. tritogenia and H. 
lacteipennis be interposed between S. glauconome and 
T. puellaris ?, the abruptness of the transition is 
removed. The pupa of Yeracolus tends to be boat- 
shaped, with a sharply-pointed rostrum and large 
prominent wingst—which characteristics we shall find 
* T follow Mr. Butler (Cist. Entom. vol. i., p. 36), with whom Mr. 
Trimen is in agreement (South African Butterflies, vol. iii., p. 82), 
in uniting Teracolus, Idmais, and Callosune under the single head 
of Teracolus. 
+ These features are not equally well developed in all species of 
Teracolus. They are very distinctly shown in pupe of 7. evarne 
(Coll. Hope) ; pupz of 7. calais (Coll. B. Mus.), on the other hand, 
are slender, less recurved, and nearer the Ganoris or Synchloe form, 
The pupa of 7. pleione (Coll. B. Mus.) is stout, and not unlike 
that of Gonepteryx rhamni; compare Mr. Trimen’s description, op. 
