346 Dr. T. A. Chapman’s notes on Micro-Lepidoptera 
second, and so on alternately ; laterally the spines appear 
to belong to the lower row of the lateral series of Hrioce- 
phala, but the upper row is represented on the thorax by 
two spines. 
A further point of resemblance in these spines to those 
of Hriocephala, is in their peculiar spiculate apex, which 
reminds one much of the peculiar stellate spiculz of the 
knobs of Hriocephala. 
The rapid development of these spines occurs in this 
way : In the unhatched larva a circular mark exists at 
the site of each spine, and is the summit of a cylindrical 
body deeply imbedded in the larval substance. This body 
is, in fact, the spine, of which the upper third appears to 
be already stiff and solid, with its apex at the surface 
ready to emerge, whilst the lower two-thirds form a soft 
invaginated sheath surrounding this upper part. As the 
spine emerges, when half of the soft portion has emerged 
there appears upon it a spur, and when the emergence is 
complete, and, in fact, at any time, a distinct joint is 
visible at the base of the upper portion. The soft por- 
tion appears very rapidly to become hard. 
I had the good fortune to observe this emergence take 
place in many instances, and have preserved specimens 
at all the stages. 
These spines are in length about equal in length to the 
diameter of the larva, and are divisible into three portions. 
The basal is rather thick and smooth, and terminates at 
the lateral spur. The middle portion is continuous with 
the basal, and is structurally the same—only narrower— 
andis also quitesmooth. ‘I'he terminal third is separated 
from the middle portion by a joint, or transverse line of 
union, and has a series of minute points or teeth, appa- 
rently arranged in a somewhat spiral manner along its 
shaft, and terminates at the apex ina slight enlargement 
and a coronet of angular points, six to nine in number. 
The lateral points are difficult to see except where taken in 
profile, though I have some preparations showing them 
to be really rather numerous and spirally arranged. 
Like the structural framework of the knobs of Hriocephala 
they are less evident during life. 
‘he inner structure of these spines has all the appear- 
ance of consisting of a separate included tube running 
the whole length, and having a branch to the lateral spur. 
On the first moult these spines disappear, and are 
