on Vanessa and other Lepidoptera.’ 427 
more vivid in their markings and colouring than those 
which emerge later, after a spell of hot weather. 
Cidaria silaceata. 'This is known to be very variable 
in its markings, and I was tempted to experiment on it 
by the remark of M. Guenée that the spring and summer 
broods appear to vary asin the Selenias, and by other 
observations (Ent. Record, i1., 297), to the effect that 
the summer brood is smaller, and the band across the 
forewings less broken. 
Mr. Nicholson kindly gave me some eggs early in 
April, from which I had pup, which were subjected to 
about the same variety of temperatures as were the 
pupe of P. egeria, above mentioned. 
The main difference is between those at or over 80° and 
the rest; the latter being more strongly marked than 
the former, the transverse band perhaps showing a 
shghtly greater tendency to be broken, and _ their 
light markings being of a rather more ochreous tint ; as 
a consequence, those at 80° or over have a duller and 
more uniform appearance than the others. 
But the most distinctive feature is in the size. 
Those at or over 80° are, as a class, smaller than 
the others. This species, therefore, must be added to 
those in which temperature, during the pupal period, 
affects the size of the imago. ‘The difference in colour- 
ing and marking is hardly as great as I should have 
expected, and seems scarcely so great as that some- 
times met with between the spring and summer natural 
emergences, though it is in the same direction. I 
intended to experiment on the winter pupating brood, 
but a brood which I had from the second emergence 
came out as a third emergence, and were nearly all 
spoiled before I discovered that they had emerged. 
Araschnia levana. Desiring to experiment with pup 
of the summer emergence (var. prorsa) for their whole 
pupal period, I obtained, through Mr. Edwards, from 
North Germany, a large number of pupz from which I 
had, towards the end of April, thirteen good pairs, which 
I placed over growing nettle, in headless casks, and 
fed on orange, etc. All circumstances, including abun- 
dant sunshine, appeared most favourable; but I only 
obtained thirty-two eggs, laid (I believe by a single 
parent) mostly in strings of from two to eight, pro- 
jecting from the undersides of the leaves. Only eleven 
