on Vanessa and other Lepidoptera. 429 
Four lighter areas, A, B, C, D, alternating with the dark 
ones, A being the innermost, and coming before I.; these 
also continued in series more or less across the wings. 
Vanessa polychloros. There were sent me on the 6th 
May, a brood of between 130 and 140 larvee found on 
sallow in the New Forest; they were about three- 
eighths of an inch in length. I found they would eat 
cherry and birch, but seemed to prefer willow, on which 
accordingly I placed them, at first in two, and after- 
wards in four, large sleeves. On the 27th May, one had 
begun to spin, and all were brought indoors and fed on 
cut willow. There were 138; by the 31st 127 had spun 
up, and the rest followed in a few days. Their pupz 
were subjected to temperatures ranging from 100° to 
32°, being in many cases transferred, after a time of 
varying length, from the lower to the higher tempera- 
yi vice versa. I proceed to give their treatment in 
etail :— 
Class I., forced at from 90° to 100° (Plate IX., fig. 1). Most of 
these died, but afew at 90°, or a few degrees lower, did well; forced 
as pupating larve or pupe under twelve hours, they emerged in seven 
days. A second lot of ten (Class II.) were put in a shady place 
out of doors, where the temperature averaged about 62°, and all 
emerged in from twenty to twenty-two days. A third lot 
(Class III.) were placed in a cellar at a temperature averaging 
about 56°, where all emerged on the fortieth day. A fourth lot 
(Class IV.) were placed in the refrigerator at about 48°, and, after 
periods ranging from fourteen to forty-six days, transferred to 
(a) the forcing box at 80°-90°, emerging in from three to five 
days more; (b) the cellar at 58°, emerging in from twelve to 
twenty-five days more ; or (c) the room, at 68°-75°, where they 
emerged in from four to five days more. A fifth lot (Class V.) 
were iced for periods ranging from fourteen to forty-two days, and 
then (a) placed at 80°-90°, emerging in five to seven days more ; 
(b) in the cellar at about 59°, emerging in twenty-seven to thirty 
days more ; or (c) the refrigerator at about 49°, for from six to 
thirty-two days, and then, either the cellar at 58°, emerging in from 
twenty-two to twenty-three days more, or the room at about 
68°-75°, emerging in two to twenty-eight days more. With the 
exception of a few that were injured by accidents, of those that 
were killed by excessive heat, as mentioned before, and of four or 
five among those longest iced, all emerged, and except among some 
of those iced, there were no cripples. 
