430 Mr. F. Merrifield on Temperature Hxpervments 
The effect on colouring was as follows :— 
Class I. (forced at about 90°, or upwards), emerging in seven 
days). The ground colour of a lighter and yellower hue of brown 
than is normal, with many yellowish clouds and broad streaks, 
especially in the interspaces of the nervures on the outer half of 
the forewings. [Black spots generally are more sharply defined 
than in normal specimens. ‘There are no blue submarginal cres- 
* cents in the forewings, but many bluish scales on the extreme 
margin. The spots in “Series D” are particularly well-defined 
near the costa, and are not pupilled. | 
Class IT. (shade, out of doors, at 519-69°, averaging about 62°, 
emerging in twenty to twenty-two days). Ground colour of a 
redder brown, and with few yellowish clouds ; the yellow sub- 
marginal outer line is especially reduced, and the dark band inside 
it widened and darkened. 
Class ITT. (cellar at 54°, rising to 58°, averaging 56°, emerging 
in forty days). Effects intensified ; the yellow submarginal line 
has almost disappeared, and there is a scattering of dark spots on 
the ground colour, in some cases forming a streak in front of the 
inner edge of the forewings. [There are indications of blue sub- 
marginal crescents in the forewings, but less blue in the fringe or 
extreme margin than in I. The spots in “Series D” sometimes 
bear minute black pupils. ] 
Class IV.a (refrigerator, about 49°, fourteen to forty-six days ; 
then forced at 80°-90°, emerging in five days). Effect rather a 
mixture of those in Classes I. and III.; the scattering of dark 
spots exists, but the yellowish clouds and yellow submarginal 
streaks are partially restored ; in those exposed to the low tempe- 
rature for forty-two days, there were several that died or were 
crippled, and the dark markings in some others are varied with a 
paler hue, giving rather a “greasy” appearance to these dark parts. 
[The spots of “Series D” often with minute black pupils ; 
‘Series C” is indicated in the hindwings by a row of black points; 
a new dark spot tends to be formed between “II.8” and “TITI.8.”] 
Class IV.b (refrigerator at about 49°, fourteen to forty-six days; 
then cellar at 56°-60°, emerging in twenty-five to twelve days, or 
room 65°-75°, in five to four days). Much like Class IIT., except that 
the ground colour is duller, and the submarginal blue tends to be 
supplanted by black ; in those longest exposed to cold, the dark 
parts tend to spread. [Tendency to formation of new dark spots 
continues, | 
Class V.a (iced at 33°, fourteen to thirty-eight days, then forced 
at 80°-90°, emerging in seven to five days). These, unless iced 
