on Vanessa and other Lepidoptera. 435 
me some atalanta of a very late brood reared last 
October and November at Hereford, which also present 
some of the characteristic appearances of my cooled 
specimens. 
Vanessa (Grapta) c-album. Owing to the kindness of 
Mrs. Hutchinson, who sent me some eggs laid by hiber- 
nated butterflies in the spring, and of Mr. Nesbitt, of 
Llandogo, who sent me larvz of the second brood at the 
end of July, I have been able to ascertain that while both 
broods are affected by temperature in the pupal stage, the 
first brood is much the more sensitive of the two. It is 
remarkable that there should be so great a difference in 
constitution between these two broods, as, under natural 
conditions, the pupz of both broods are exposed to tem- 
peratures differing by a very few degrees, the one passing 
the pupal stage in England about June, and the other 
about August. It is entirely consistent, however, with 
Mr. W. H. Edwards’ experiments and observations on 
the two closely-allied American species, Grapta inter- 
rogationis and Grapta comma, as described in the 
“Canadian Naturalist’? for 1877 and 1878, and much 
light is thrown on the subject by Prof. Weismann’s 
observations on Mr. Edwards’ experiments, in the Pro- 
fessor’s “‘ Studies in Heredity,” by Prof. Meldola, vol. i., 
p. 149. The individuals experimented on, eight of the 
first brood and eleven of the second brood, were not 
sufficiently numerous to justify me in describing the 
results in detail; but I hope to try experiments on a 
much larger scale during the present year. 
Vanessa to. Mr. Morris, of Lewes, kindly gave me a 
company of about one hundred and twenty larvee, all in 
their last skins, or nearly so, on the 15th June, which in 
the extraordinarily early season of 1893 was late for 
them. I was much occupied in other ways, and perhaps 
it was owing to insufficient attention that I did not 
obtain more than about sixty pupz, and those were a 
little under the full size. They were subjected to various 
temperatures from about 100° downwards. ‘Those at 
100° all failed to emerge. Sixteen, which were at $0° 
for six days, and then at 80°, all emerged in one day 
more, making seven days. As the temperature was 
lowered, there appeared a gradual tendency to disinte- 
gration of the ocellus on the forewing, until in one 
