436 Mr. F. Merrifield ov Temperature Experiments 
(Plate IX., fig. 4), iced at 33° for twenty-two days, then in 
the refrigerator for twenty days, and then in the cellar for 
eighteen days, it ceases to be an ocellus, being resolved 
into a chain of small white spots, which are bright, with 
only a very slight bluish shade about them, and affording 
a remarkable confirmation of Dr. Dixey’s views of the 
origin of that ocellus, as exemplified in the plate attached 
to his paper in the Transactions for 1890. In these 
iced and cooled specimens the blue becomes more vivid, 
and a narrow dusky marginal band, slightly darker in hue 
than the chestnut brown ground colour, appears, with a 
submarginal incomplete row of small dusky spots, very 
distinct. On the hindwing there is little change, but a 
tendency to disintegration of the blue in the ocellus. 
Dr. Chapman kindly sent me, on the 30th August, 
part of a second brood he had found rather more than 
half grown. From about forty larve I obtained thirty- 
eight fine and healthy pupz, but nearly all were killed 
by the severe cold to which I subjected them, though 
only a little in excess of that to which No. 6L was 
exposed. 
[I. Forced: a tendency shown to the development of 
dark spots at the apices of the interspaces (‘Series IT.”’); 
tendency towards fusion of bluish constituents of ocellus 
in hindwing. II. Cooled: tendency of “IV.” (marginal 
chain) to separate from “D” (light apical spots) ; 
“JV.” rendered more distinct in forewing. III. Iced: 
separation of ‘“D” and “IV.” asin II. ‘ Claw-mark ” 
tends to lose regular curve, and to become angulated. 
Bluish constituents of ocellus in hindwing tend to be- 
come separated into two parallel series—“III.” and 
“TV.,” @.e., a marginal and submarginal. | 
V. antiopa. About seventy pupx, mostly rather 
fresh, were obtained for me from near Berlin by Mr. 
Edwards, on the 19th July, and were subjected to 
various temperatures from about 100°, emerging in from 
three to five days, and 80°, when they took a day or two 
more, downwards. ‘The most severe temperature sur- 
vived, without injury, was twenty-seven days in the 
refrigerator, at about 47°. All that were placed in ice 
(33°) for twenty days or upwards died, except one that 
was a cripple. The results are negative, as none show 
any marked differences in marking or colouring that can 
be assigned to temperature. The absence of positive 
