© m0) 
Mr. C. O. Waterhouse exhibited, for Mr. KE. A. Waterhouse, 
a specimen of Colias edusa, closely resembling Colias erate, 
a Continental species, which was taken on Wimbledon Com- 
mon; a varied series of Chrysophanus phleas, from Barnes 
Common; and a series of Lycena arion from Cornwall. 
Papers read, etc. 
The Rey. Canon Fowler read a paper entitled ‘‘Some new 
species of Membracide.”’ 
Mr. F. Merrifield read a paper entitled ‘‘ Temperature 
experiments in 1893, on several species of Vanessa and other 
Lepidoptera.”” He said that the winter-pupating brood of 
Pieris napi, like the summer-pupating brood, depends for its 
characteristic seasonal colouring partly, but by no means 
entirely, on the temperature to which the individual is sub- 
jected. Pararge egeria was rendered more vivid in its 
markings and colouring by low temperatures, but there was 
no approach to the bright South Kuropean form, either at 
high or at low temperatures. In Cidaria silaceata of the summer- 
pupating brood, low temperatures caused a resemblance to the 
winter-pupating brood, high temperatures caused a duller and 
more uniform appearance, and reduced the size. In Araschnia 
levana, the brood reared from eggs laid in the spring, high 
temperatures in every case produced the blackish normal 
summer or prorsa form, while severe cold in every instance 
transformed the insect completely into the bright fritillary- 
coloured spring or levana type. In Vanessa polychloros, to use 
the language of Dr. Dixey, who had examined the insects, 
forcing invariably tended to produce yellow, whether the 
pupa was previously warmed or cooled, and refrigeration 
produced increased breadth of the dark border, whether 
followed or not by forcing. By a succession of high and low 
temperatures, presumably ancestral markings were brought 
out in the shape of a faint sub-marginal chain on all the 
wings of yellowish cloudy spots with minute black centres. 
Some of the individuals subjected to severe cold were very 
dark and closely resembled V. xanthomelas. In Vanessa 
atalanta very high temperatures developed the golden brown 
parts, both in extent and brightness, new small scarlet spots 
PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., L, 1894. c 
