( ia’) 
Arizona, and Southern California these may give an abso- 
lutely un-European appearance to the lepidopterous fauna ; 
but when you come to examine these elements you will find 
nothing, or almost nothing, of an endemic or peculiar 
character amongst them. 
What you do find are— 
1st. A number of stragglers or immigrants from the Neo- 
tropical region, belonging to cosmotropical genera, such as 
Papilio, Callidryas, Terias, Danais, Junonia, and Thecla. 
2nd. A few purely Neotropical butterflies, such as Heliconia 
charitonia (in the Gulf States only). Leptalis, one species ; 
Meganostoma, two species ; four or five species of Hrycinide ; 
one species of Eurema; one of Paphia, and a few others 
almost entirely confined to the borderland of Texas and 
New Mexico, or to Florida, where the vegetation is sub- 
tropical. 
8rd. Several species of Phyciodes and Neonympha, which, 
though Neotropical rather than European, have extended 
their range throughout a great part of the United States, but 
of which Phyciodes only is a constantly-present and dominant 
genus. 
4th. Three species belonging to monotypic genera confined 
to very limited areas in the United States, viz., Meniseca 
Tarquinius, which occurs in various spots east of the Rocky 
Mountains, from Maine to Missouri and Florida, but usually 
a scarce or local species; a butterfly of very obscure alliance, 
but having a marked superficial resemblance in form and 
colour to the curious Malayan Liphyra brassolis, with which 
also if agrees in the aphidivorus habit of its larva. 
Neophasia menapia, a monotypic Pierid confined to the 
pine forests of the Northern Pacific States, and Neominois 
Ridingsi, which is found on the western slopes of the Rocky 
Mountains. 
If we adopt Scudder’s genera, this number would be 
increased, but I have shown reasons for not doing so, until 
they are better established by a study of the allied forms in 
other regions. 
Among the Hesperiida, it is true, the apparently Neotropical 
element in places overwhelms the Palearctic forms; but in 
