(dee) 
ereat confusion in the minds of some entomologists as to the 
affinities of these regions. 
Mr. Salvin informs me that the boundary, though some- 
what indefinite, must be drawn through Northern Mexico, 
and coincides closely with the region of forest. 
Judging from the little I was able to see of the butterflies 
during the short time I spent in the Highlands of Central 
Mexico, at a season unfavourable for collecting, the northern 
element is there far weaker than among birds, two species of 
Grapta being the principal evidence of it; and is by no means so 
well marked as in the high Andes of Ecuador, Bolivia, and 
Chili, where several species of Argynnis and Colias are found, 
together with other genera resembling, if not very closely 
allied to northern forms, which do not exist in the Highlands 
of Mexico. 
Of the Andean and Chilian butterflies we know too little to 
analyse their elements. Butler’s paper,* although probably 
very incomplete, is the best on Chili; and Staudinger’s 
‘ Hochandine Lepidopteren’ + is of great interest. It seems, 
however, pretty certain that the genera do not show anything 
like the necessary amount of divergence from those of the 
Neotropical region to support the separation agreed in by three 
such eminent botanists as Hooker, Dyer, and Hemsley, of an 
Andean or Temperate South American region. 
What is most remarkable is the existence, at high eleva- 
tions in various parts of the Andes, and at sea level in South 
Chili and Patagonia, of several genera and species elsewhere 
unknown in the Neotropical region, and which are isolated 
from their congeners in North America by an cnormous area 
of country. 
Among these T'rifurcula huanaco is a remarkable species 
which occurs in the Andes of Bolivia, at 16,000 to 17,000 feet, 
and has a marvellous likeness to Baltia shawi, found at a 
similar elevation in Ladak. 
Phulia, a genus of three or four nearly allied species, also 
* List of Butterflies collected in Chili by T. Edmonds, Hsq., Trans. Ent. 
Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 449-486. 
+ Iris. Dresden. Band vii., p. 43, 1894. 
