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4, The Eastern Temperate, which includes the Mantchurian 
and Mongolian provinces of Sharpe in part—though a 
great part of these provinces have more affinity with 
the Himalo-Chinese subregion, and are difficult to 
separate from it. Cf. Elwes on the Butterflies of 
Amurland, North China, and Japan.* 
The following genera are characteristic of the North 
Temperate region. 
Parnassius is absolutely confined to it, and has its greatest 
development in the eastern part of the Eurasian sub-region, 
but is poorly represented by two or three species in North 
America. 
Doritis, Thais, and Hypermnestra are small genera confined 
to, but hardly characteristic of, the Mediterraneo-Persiec sub- 
region. 
Luehdorfia and Sericinus are strictly confined to, but hardly: 
characteristic of, the Hast Temperate sub-region. 
Of the Pierina, Leucophasia is confined to, but not specially 
characteristic of, any part of it. 
Mesapia, Davidina, and Baltia are small genera: confined 
to the highest altitudes of Tibet. 
Colias is one of the most widely distributed and dominant 
genera over the whole region at all altitudes, especially well 
developed in Alpine regions, and extending as far north as 
any butterflies. It has developed some outlying species in 
other regions, as C. nilgherrensis in South India, C. imperialis 
in Patagonia (?), and five species in extra-tropical South 
America and the Andes. It also extends to various parts 
of Eastern and South Africa, but nowhere, as far as I know, 
occurs in a strictly tropical climate. 
Anthocharis is found almost throughout the region, but is 
not well developed in any part of it but the Mediteranean and 
North American sub-regions. 
Neophasia and Midea I have already spoken of above. 
Zegris is still more peculiar, being found only in isolated 
localities, namely, Andalusia, South Russia, Turkestan, and 
the South-Western States of North America. 
* Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 856. 
