(six 3 
extend to Eastern Asia, but none are found in North 
America. 
(Hneis is somewhat similar in its distribution to Frebia, 
and is characteristic only of Alpine and Arctic districts, 
though some species in Europe, Asia, and America are con- 
fined to grassy steppes having an extremely cold winter 
climate. 
The Hrycinide are represented only by two small almost 
monotypic genera, Nemeobius in Europe and Polycena in 
Central Asia. 
Among the Lycenide, notwithstanding the general abun- 
dance of the family throughout every part of the region, 
hardly a single genus can be called characteristic of it, and 
only one, which is monotypic, is peculiar to it, namely, 
Lasiopsis roboris, confined to South-Western Europe. 
Cigaritis and Thestor are two small genera, almost confined 
to the Mediterraneo-Persic sub-region, and both seem to be 
of African affinity. ; 
Chrysophanus or Polyommatus is largely developed through- 
out the whole region, of which it is highly characteristic, 
though several species are found also in the Himalo-Chinese 
sub-region, 
Lycena is a very dominant genus, which, until its species 
are grouped into the genera adopted by de Niceville on the 
Butterflies of India, cannot be analysed for my present 
purpose. It is not more characteristic of the region, however, 
than of the Indo-Malayan. 
Hespertida.—In reviewing the Hesperiidae of this region, to 
see how far they may agree with the distribution of other 
families, I have adopted the genera defined by Watson. A 
careful paper by Dr. A. Speyer on the genera of the European 
Hespertide, with special reference to their occurrence in North 
America, was published in the Stettiner Ent. Zeit., 1878, pp. 
167-193, and is translated by A. J. Lintner in the Canadian 
Entomologist, 1878, pp. 121, 144, 163, et seq. 
I have not been able to accept the conclusions of this 
paper either as regards the genera adopted, or the statement 
that no species except H. centauree is common to Europe 
and North America, because the materials at Speyer’s dis- 
