Coley) 
as this. It may be subdivided with greater ease and conveni- 
ence than the North Temperate; but, with the exception of 
the Himalo-Chinese sub-region, its divisions do not coincide 
very well with those adopted by Mr. Sharpe or myself for birds. 
What I called the Indian sub-region, and Sharpe calls the Indo- 
Peninsular sub-region, has almost no peculiar forms among but- 
terflies, which are not equally abundant in, and characteristic 
of,a great partof the Ethiopian region. In thecultivated plains 
and jungles of Peninsular India, the dominant genera are all 
either cosmopolitan, like Papilio, Lycana; cosmotropical, like 
Terias, Catopsilia, and Junonia; or abundant in Africa like 
Teracolus, Idmais, Danais, Precis, Messaras, Atella, Ergolis, 
Hypolimnas, Charaxes, Mycalesis, Ypthima, Aphneus; or Indo- 
Malayan, like Delias, Ivias, Eronia, Neptis, Lethe, Elymnias, 
Curetis. 
Excepting the monotypic Parantirhaa, confined to the 
mountains of Travancore, and therefore belonging to the 
Indo-Malayan sub-region, I know of no genus of butterflies 
peculiar to the Peninsula of India. I will therefore strike it 
out, and include it as a province only of the Indo-Malayan 
sub-region, forming a link with the Ethiopian region. 
The north-western arid part of the Peninsula, including a 
great part of Rajputana, Sind, and the Punjab, is in butterflies, 
as in birds and plants, an eastern extension of the Mediter- 
raneo-Persic province. 
An extraordinary case of the recurrence of a species at 
widely remote spots in this sub-region is that of Anthocharis 
charlonia, which is found in various forms in the Punjab, 
Mesopotamia, Transcaspian Desert, Algeria, and in the 
Canary Isles (on Fuerteventura), though I have not seen a 
specimen from this locality. This range corresponds almost 
precisely with that of the Desert Bullfinch, Krythrospiza 
githaginea. 
The mountains of Southern India, Ceylon, and the Malabar 
coast must, however, be included in the Malayan sub-region, 
as they have a larger proportion of Malayan than of African 
forms, and many of the species found there are peculiar forms 
‘of Malayan genera. This part of the Indian region, how- 
ever, is poor in species and genera as compared with the 
