(“lex 
and CU. Leschenaultii, are instances of butterflies which are 
common in East but not found in West Java. Tenaris is a 
typical Austro-Malay genus found in Java, but not I think 
in Sumatra or Borneo. In the island of Nias we find a 
purely Indo-Malayan fauna, to which perhaps the most 
notable exception is Miletus celisparsus, Butt., a Lycenid of 
Papuan type. 
In the Philippine group, of whose butterflies we have now 
an excellent account by Semper,* I find only a very few 
genera which are not characteristic of the whole Indo-Malay 
sub-region ; Acropthalmia, Ptychandra, and Hypothecla being 
exceptions. Thysonotis and Phrissura are perhaps the only 
forms showing Australian affinities. 
In Sumba and Sambawa, Doherty’s explorations have 
shown an overwhelming proportion of Indian as compared 
to Australian types, as I hope to show more clearly when I 
have time to work out his collections. 
It is only when we come to Celebes and the Moluccas that 
any marked change becomes evident, and even here the 
difference is nothing like so great as among birds and 
mammals. 
Wallace, in his classical paper on ‘‘ The Papilionide of the 
Malayan Region,’’+ states that Celebes is the most peculiar of 
all the islands in the Archipelago, for though it has a smaller 
number than either Borneo or Java, no less than eighteen of 
its Papilionide are peculiar, whilst Java, Sumatra, Borneo, 
and Malacca, with forty-five species, have only twenty-one, or 
less than half peculiar. 
Wallace shows that of the nineteen groups into which he 
divides the Malayan Papilionide, only three, viz., the 
Priamus, Ulysses, and Erecthus. groups, are peculiar to the 
Austro-Malayan sub-region, and when we come to inquire 
what are the elements in this sub-region which connect 
it with the Australian continent we hardly find any. 
Though far too little is yet known of the insects or even of 
the butterflies of Papua and its surrounding islands, to 
* Semper, Die Schmetterlinge der Philippinischen Inseln. 1892. 
+ Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. xxv (1865). 
