132 Dr. T. A. Chapman's notes on Pufee, 



were other families of PalFeoleindojitera (Packard) 

 besides the Micropterygklx. Hejncdus, and Nepticula, 

 and possibly Psyche, being derived from Palieo- 

 lejndoptera, without any intermediate forms that we 

 now possess, and yet certainly not from the Ilicroptery- 

 gidm ; and that the lines of evolution diverged from this 

 low point. 



Micropteryx unquestionably led directly to the Adelidse, 

 (^Prodoxidai, Packard) via Incurvaria, and thence to the 

 great mass of the families of Tineina, including two at 

 least of the families I have before me in this paper. 



There happens to be one character (pupal) which first 

 appears in the Adelidfe, and which may, I think, be 

 taken as strong evidence that any family possessing it 

 belongs to this series. This character is a remarkable 

 narrowing of the prothoracic plate, and a great increase in 

 the size, especially longitudinally, of the dorsal head 

 plate (cephalothoracic piece). This conformation gives a 

 very definite facies to all the forms that possess it to any 

 decided degree, in consequence of a further fact, that is 

 always more or less associated with it, though why it 

 should necessarily be so is not very clear — this is, that 

 the narrow ribbon of prothorax forms a depressed neck, 

 and the head swells out in front, sometimes with quite a 

 globular projection. 



This series is especially the Tineid as distinguished 

 from theTortricid stirps, beginning with the Adelids and 

 passing through the Tineid^', with sundry branches, 

 reaching in Epermenia the critical point in which it 

 passes from the micro to the macro type. Having 

 Orneodes as a definite and probably terminal form derived 

 from this point, but passing on to the higher families 

 that I have called Pyraloids, a term I desire to restrict to 

 forms usually classed as Tineina, making the Pyrales a 

 separate group, but including with them Depressaria and 

 some other so-called Tineid families. 



These Pyraloids include Yp)onymeuta, Argyresthia, 

 Plutella, Laverna, Elachista, etc. All these are char- 

 acterised like the Pyrales, and like the whole lower part 

 of this stirps by the pi^eservation of the maxillary palpi, 

 not only in the pupa but also in the imago. Coleophora 

 deserves separate consideration : it is not only equally 

 high with these in having a generally obtect form of pupa 

 (five and six only, free in both sexes), but is higher in 



