Orneodes, Epermenia, Chrysocorys, and Pterophorus. 139 



The anal armature consists of ten or twelve fine 

 spines, little more than hairs, curved and crossing one 

 another in lyre shape, and having a fine recurved flattened 

 extremity. There is also a small bristle above and below 

 each (exposed) abdominal spiracle. 



Epermenia. — The eggs are ovoid, but rather long and 

 narrow, being fully twice as long as broad, and rather 

 narrower at one end; the surface sculpture is a raised 

 network, somewhat irregular, but tending to be hexa- 

 gonal, with the cells lengthened in the line of the long 

 diameter of the egg. Many are often laid on the same 

 leaf; but each egg appears to be laid solitarily, and it 

 appears to be, when laid, very soft, as it takes the impress 

 of the hairs of the leaf amongst which it is laid, and 

 adheres to them very firmly. 



The larva has two dorsal (trapezoidal) tubercles, a 

 supraspiracular and a double subspiracular tubercle, one 

 marginal, and three ventral (on legless segments). The 

 tubercular plates are very large, and that of the supra- 

 spiracular in some degree surrounds the spiracle. There 

 is a minute tubercle at the anterior margin of the seg- 

 ment in line with the posterior trapezoidal. The 

 general surface is closely studded with sharp deflexed 

 points, as Orneodes. The larva can hardly be called a 

 miner, but tends to burrow something after the manner 

 of the Procridsi. This is very marked in E. daucellus, very 

 slightly so in E. cJicerophylleUus. The resemblance to 

 Simxthis appears to be entirely superficial. The pro- 

 legs have sixteen hooks set in a circle, but more crowded 

 along the inner margin ; the anal pair have eleven or 

 twelve hooks. 



In pale brown colour and general outline the pupa 

 resembles that of a noctua ; the species I have examined, 

 E. daucellus and E. cJioerophyllellus, are very much alike. 

 They have the first four abdominal segments fixed, the 

 next two free, and the seventh also, in the male ; the 

 appendage cases project across the fifth as far as the 

 sixth segment, the incision between the fom'th and fifth 

 segments is sloping, the fourth segment being narrowed 

 and the fifth widened dorsally, ventrally the reverse. 

 The large dorsal head-piece and narrow prothorax are 

 almost identical with those of Orneodes. The abdominal 

 spii-acles are on slight mam mill a3, in very Pyrale manner. 

 There are twelve slendei*, very curved, hooked hairs as 



