240 Professor Edward B. Poulton on ilie 



seeing a female between his leaps, unless his attention has 

 been directed to her by the movement of the leap itself. 

 Hence the pauses, often greatly prolonged, between the 

 successive leaps frequently lead to the escape of the 

 female. Furthermore, the leaps made by the male, when 

 lying in wait for the female, were much better aimed 

 than those made in pursuit. It is probable that in the 

 former case he takes very careful aim ; for he turns his 

 head and antennie in the exact direction of the female, 

 and pauses before leaping, often making a slight rocking 

 movement of the anterior part of the body. Occasionally 

 this movement was seen in the female also. 



When the male leaps upon her unawares, as I have 

 described, the female almost invariably tries to throw 

 him off, and generally succeeds. If, however, she failed 

 in the first attempt, in most cases she yielded forthwith, 

 and, probably as a result of these favourable conditions as 

 regards tempe.'ature, pairing was effected in a very short 

 time, sometimes even in a few seconds. 



In one instance a male leaped upon a female and was 

 thrown off"; the female was then driven round, so that in 

 a few minutes she again came within the range of his 

 leap. The second time he was successful, securing a 

 fii-m hold, and beginning to nibble the female with his 

 mandibles. All resistance ceased, and pairing took place 

 in a few minutes. 



Very occasionally the alternate strokes, but only once 

 or twice repeated, of the male^s third legs were seen when 

 the opposite sexes were near together. I believe, too, 

 that the same movement was made by the female, though 

 still more rarely. One female, when near to a male, 

 seemed to be excited, and raised her third legs, which 

 quivered from time to time. Any such indications wore 

 very rare in the female. In nearly all cases she was taken 

 by surprise, and only yielded when very firmly held. 



The female must be influenced in some way by the 

 male holding her and caressing her with his mandibles ; 

 for his position, when attempting to copulate, is very 

 precarious, and he could be easily shaken off. It appeared, 

 however, that the males did not begin to make any such 

 attempts until the females had ceased to resist. 



In one single instance the female did not yield, 

 although very firmly held ; but it is probable that she 

 was immature, or injured, or in some way unfit for pair- 



