Dicranura vinula, and other Notes. 125 
>) 
cavity into the body cavity. I find that this is an 
abnormal occurrence, and though present in all the 
imagines that I examined in 1894-5, is due to an 
unnatural obstacle (a glass tube) having been substituted 
for the natural cocoon. I believe that the unusual efforts 
made by the imago in endeavouring to escape from such 
an artificial confinement causes rupture of the thin wall 
of a bladder connected with the hind end of the gut. In 
those imagines which have emerged from true cocoons 
there is such a bladder charged with excretions of a 
brownish-red colour, but in a few that I caused to emerge 
in glass tubes I found the wide tube that [ previously 
described, and have no doubt that the explanation I now 
give is the correct one. 
List oF AuTHORS dealing with thoracic sternal glands and similar 
structures in Lepidoptera and other insects. 
. BERNARD, H. M., Zool. Jahrb. (Anat. Abth.), v., p. 511, 1892. 
—, Ann. Nat. Hist. (6), xi., pp. 24-30. 
. DE GEER, Mém. Acad. Paris savants étrang. 1748, pp. 29-32 ; 
1750, i1., pp. 530 & 531. Mém. Hist. Ins., Tom. i., Stock- 
holm, 1752. Mémoire i., p. 28. Mémoire x., p. 324. 
4. Dimmock, Psyche, i1i., June, 1882. 
5. GoossENs, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (sér. 4), ix., 1869. 
6. Haass, Iris, i., pp. 159, 303, 1884-88. 
e 
8 
wo Nm ee 
. Hotmaren, Bih. Svenska. Akad., xviii., No. 8. 
. KLEMENSIEWICZ, Verh. k. k. Zool. bot. ges. Wien, xxxii, 
pp. 459-474, 2 plates, 1882. 
9. PACKARD, Proc. Bost. Soc., xxiv., p, 494. 
10. ——, Proc. Bost. Soc., xxv., p. 82. 
11. ——, J. New York Ent. Soc., ii., pp. 110-127, 1895. 
12. PouLTon, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1886, p. 187. 
13. ——, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1887, pp. 295-301. 
14. ——, Rep. Brit. Assn., 1887 (Manchester), pp. 765-66. 
15. ——, The Colours of Animals, pp. 274-276, 1890. 
16. RENGGER, Physiologische Untersuchungen iiber die Thierische 
Haushaltung der Insecten. Tiibingen, 1817, p. 81. 
17. RoGENHOFER, Verh. k. k. Zool. bot. ges. Wien, 1862. 
18. ScHAFFER, Dr. C., Zool. Anz., xiii., pp. 9-11, 1889. 
19. ——, Zool. Jahrb. (Anat. Abth.), iii., pp. 611-652, 1889. 
(Abstract in J. R. Micr. Soc., 1889, pp. 633-4.) 
20. VON SreEBo.Lp, Vergleich. Anat., 1848. 
