LepidojpUra of the Altai Mountains. 308 



butterflies being much worn, and though I found second 

 broods of Araschnia levana, Lycxna oi^ion, Zeucophasia 

 sinapis and others, as well as some common European 

 species I had not hitherto observed, it is quite evident 

 that this part of the country is not to be compared in 

 interest or novelty to the Tchuja Valley. 



On August 6th Ave got to the first Russian post-house, 

 where, although the roads were in places frightfully bad, 

 wheel carriage again became possible, and the change from 

 dense forest-clad hills to an open cultivated country was 

 sudden and remarkable. 



In the course of a three days' drive to Barnaoul I took 

 only one butterfly, Polyommatus virgaitrex, which I had not 

 previously seen, and reached the railway at Krivostchokovo 

 rather used up, as the terrible jolting, combined with a 

 touch of malarial fever (which seems to be prevalent in 

 autumn in the lower Bija Valley), laid me up for four 

 days before starting for Moscow. 



The weather during our journey across the steppe was 

 cloudy or wet, and as there seemed to be no entomological 

 inducement to stay a day or two in the Ural as I had 

 intended, we came right on to Moscow without stopping. 



I will now give a complete list of the Lepidoptera I 

 procured, together with those taken by M.M. Jacobson 

 and Berezowsky at Ongodai, and in order to complete the 

 list of species found in the Altai, as far as possible I have 

 added those species recorded by Lederer and Tancre, and 

 a few others which I found in Dr. Staudinger's collection 

 and in that of M. Grum-Grshimailo, which I purchased at 

 St. Petersburg. 



I may add, that all of these come from the south and 

 western district near Semipalatinsk, and possibly a few 

 of them are hardly found north of the Irtysch river, which 

 I take as the boundary of the Altai in that direction. 



It must be understood that my list only refers to the 

 Altai Mountains so far as they are in Russian territory. 

 There is a great southern extension of the Altai range 

 in Mongolia which is unknown to entomologists, and 

 some travellers and geographers include the mountains 

 forming the boundary between Central Siberia and Mon- 

 golia, and those at the head-waters of the Yenesei river 

 in the Altai system, but I prefer to call these the Sayansk 

 Mountains. Towards the south-west there is no definite 

 boundary except the Irtysch river between the Altai and the 



